The term CINA (TJINA) in Indon-speak, Not offensive they say, but history shows otherwise Options

[chutzpah]

Some Indon forummers in AF have insisted that the term CINA (TJINA) or C-HINK (in English) is not an offensive term. And that it is now becoming acceptable by the current generations of Indon Chinese. Yet these very same people have ignored the fact it has been an offensive term going back to the Dutch time. To claim that it is now acceptable MEANS it was not acceptable before. Why was it not acceptable before?

When Soeharto came to power, he immediately legislated the term CINA be used in lieu of the term TIONGHOA (Chinese) which is the favoured and acceptable term by Indon Chinese.

This offensive term CINA almost derailed the signing of the normalisation document between China and IND. The Chinese leaders were infuriated by this derogatory term. The normalisation agreement was done only in English because the Indon insistance on using this offensive term (racist to their core). Habibie that excitable demunitive dwarf refrained from using it in his speech after the Indon Chinese massace.

And yet this offensive term is still being used by all the electronic and printed media in IND today. The half hearted attempt to use Tionghao hasn't really taken root. The generation of Indon Chinese born under Soeharto doesn't know any better, they were born with this term, it was used in the hospitals where they were born, at school, at play ground and in every aspect of society since Soeharto until today. How many of you who are Indon Chinese have CINA written where it says race in your IC (Indentity Card) ? To those who are not familiar with things Indon, race and religion must also be mentioned in the Indon IC. That is also the reason this offensive term has BECOME acceptable. It was FORCIBLY MADE acceptable by the Soeharto regime to point that Indon officials demanded on the usage of this offensive term by foreign radios broadcasting their news in bahasa IND.

If the term CINA (TJINA) or C-HINK is not offensive:
1. Why the move to change it to Tionghoa now?
2. Why did Habibie refrained from using it?
3. Why did the Chinese leaders were so infuriated by it?
4. Why was the normalisation documents were done only in English?
5. Why did the Japanese broadcaster refused to use it?
6. What does it mean exactly by it is now more acceptable?

Please share your thoughts on this subject. For your references below are several links

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislation_o...ese_Indonesians

Cabinet Presidium Circular SE-06/Pres-Kab/6/1967 on Changing the Term China and Chinese, requiring the usage of the term "Cina" (considered a derogatory term by many Chinese Indonesians instead of "Tionghoa" or "Tiongkok" (used by ethnic Chinese themselves).

Source:
http://www.abbreviation.com.au/abbreviatio...r-of-semantics/

WHEN the Indonesian-language service of Radio Australia broadcast the news that Indonesia and China had decided to resume diplomatic relations from today after a 23-year break, newsreaders referred to China as the RRC, an abbreviation of Republik Rakyat Cina , or People's Republic of China.

When the Indonesian service of Japan's NHK broadcasting network carried the same news, it referred instead to the RRT, an abbreviation of Republik Rakyat Tiongkok. The meaning is the same but the spelling of China is different, and thereby hangs a tale that deserves closer attention.

Radio Australia, following recommendations of the Indonesian Government, uses the word "Cina" (pronounced "cheena") to refer both to China as a country and to Chinese as people. Australian diplomats are supposed to do the same when speaking Indonesian.

The Japanese broadcasting network refuses to do so. It feels the word"Cina" is pejorative, derogatory and racist, having been introduced by Indonesia's military-led Government as a deliberate put-down during a wave of anti-Chinese hysteria following the abortive left-wing coup attempt in 1965.

Source: http://livinginindonesia.info/item/chinese-indonesians/

Chinese-Indonesians have adopted the term Tionghoa to identify themselves. The term ‘Cina' is deemed to be derogatory today due to its unfortunate racist usage in the past.

Source: http://indo982.tripod.com/n0898/n0898_58.html

President Bacharuddin Habibie's landmark speech at the weekend may have opened the way for a new era in traditionally fragile Sino-Indonesian relations, diplomats and analysts said yesterday.

His use of the old Indonesian word Tionghoa for ethnic Chinese instead of the derogatory Cina in an olive branch to riot victims cuts to the heart of a long-standing dispute.

The words officially changed in 1967 shortly after ex-president Suharto's rise to power as part of a package of measures outlawing Chinese language and culture - many of which remain today.

"We have known for a long time that the ethnic Chinese hate to be called Cina," Chinese Embassy counsellor Duan Zengoi said. "We have raised the issue many times but both sides have failed to agree."

Emotions ran so high between Beijing and Jakarta that they almost derailed normalisation talks in 1990.

The word row meant that normalisation documents were signed only in English, with disagreements surfacing over both the Chinese and Indonesian versions.

[Grandmaster C]

your topics always make me visit this forum...

[elleX0]

The better to express our views openly and freely, i.e., Freedom of Speech.

[tangawizi]

Freedom of Speech in some hands is Freedom to Incite.

[chutzpah]

Indeed it takes one to know one. Talk about the pot calling the kettle balck, but here are some examples of freedom to incite hatreds.

Freedom to incite hatreds to gays:

wow, u two have such a good time 'brown-nosing' and 'buttering' each other up!!! it's so gay!!!!!1

Examples of freedom to incite more hatred towards Chinese:

And ellexo is an old chinese gentleman who's retired and dedicated to cultivating islamophobia in his spare time. Why? Perhaps he's one of the chinese minorities who like to sow discord in a multiracial society from afar, and watch the war of words begin. Whether it leads to a racial war in real life, he would just sit back and reap his karma.
I have old uncles and aunties in my family who behave like Mr Ellexo, in that they can only say bad things about Malay people or muslims because they are racist deep down.

i can't stand the chinese for being so racist and ethnically driven to belittle other ethnics and faiths

Example of freedom to incite more jealousy and hatreds towards Singapore:

Sometimes I wish we could just move this red dot out of this ulu neighborhood! Somewhere in the Mediterranean would be fab!

yes, laos, burma and singabloodypore?

Of course these are all part and parcel of freedom of speech. But those comments quoted above does show just how sick and full of self loathing the individual is who once admitted of being Chinese and Singaporean, though anything she said should be taken with plenty of salt as the word truth is never part of her dictionary. No self respecting Chinese nor Singaporean would ever show such hatreds towards their own. Then there is the quality of her comments which speak volume about her values, her family up bringing and her level of education. Pity she didn't take on my advice below:

Your generalisation about the Chinese including your own relatives is so pathetically sad that it is beyond words. As you ARE Chinese and you can't change what you are, I suggest arsenic, it is a very good cure for your chronic self-loathing disorder, usually a healthy dose should do it.

[tangawizi]

Aunty Chutzy, choking on your vomit yet?

No self respecting Chinese nor Singaporean would ever show such hatreds towards their own. Then there is the quality of her comments which speak volume about her values, her family up bringing and her level of education. Pity she didn't take on my advice below:

YOU ARE WRONG Aunty Chutzy.

There are chinese people who recognise racist Chinese amongst their own and call them OUT!

YOU, AUNTY CHUTZPAH, YOU ARE A CHINESE RACIST. PLEASE TAKE A LOOK AT THE MIRROR AND CHOKE ON YOUR VERBAL GARBAGE THAT YOU SPEW DAILY ON THESE FORUMS.

YOU ARE A DISGRACE TO YOUR CHINESE HERITAGE.

Do you have children??? They must be so ashamed to have a MOMMY like YOU!

This post has been edited by tangawizi: May 6 2011, 09:20 AM

[Majapahitans]

$hitypoop is a typical xenophobic sinocentric chauvinist, I bet he/she is a wimpy lame antisocial pathetic dude/dudette in the real life, and internet is a haven to express his/her hatred and frustation to the world. I agree with you, $hittypoop a disgrace for his people. While you Tanga are an example of fairness, honesty, and good Singaporean, we all know that.

[Grandmaster C]

cina please!

[chutzpah]

Freedom to incite hatreds to gays:

wow, u two have such a good time 'brown-nosing' and 'buttering' each other up!!! it's so gay!!!!!1

Examples of freedom to incite more hatred towards Chinese:

And ellexo is an old chinese gentleman who's retired and dedicated to cultivating islamophobia in his spare time. Why? Perhaps he's one of the chinese minorities who like to sow discord in a multiracial society from afar, and watch the war of words begin. Whether it leads to a racial war in real life, he would just sit back and reap his karma.
I have old uncles and aunties in my family who behave like Mr Ellexo, in that they can only say bad things about Malay people or muslims because they are racist deep down.

i can't stand the chinese for being so racist and ethnically driven to belittle other ethnics and faiths

Example of freedom to incite more jealousy and hatreds towards Singapore:

Sometimes I wish we could just move this red dot out of this ulu neighborhood! Somewhere in the Mediterranean would be fab!

yes, laos, burma and singabloodypore?

The above incitements of hatreds were written by you my dear self loathing got jilted sad old maid not by me. So perhaps the one that should reflect on the mirror is you, and what do you see ....... horrors of horrors a Chinese face looking back... self loathing sad sad old maid... start eating your own words!

$hitypoop is a typical xenophobic sinocentric chauvinist, I bet he/she is a wimpy lame antisocial pathetic dude/dudette in the real life, and internet is a haven to express his/her hatred and frustation to the world. I agree with you, $hittypoop a disgrace for his people. While you Tanga are an example of fairness, honesty, and good Singaporean, we all know that.

Maja$hit, are you trying to flatter me by reading what I post yet again??? Please don't and learn to keep to your own words if that is at all possible you liar!

This post has been edited by chutzpah: May 8 2011, 01:49 AM

[tangawizi]

talk about an avid fan following up on old posts....

the folks on this forum know me more than you aunty chutzpah....

they know YOU ARE the chinese chauvinist and they have made it plain clear!

why do u have to bang your pea-brain on the wall trying to paint others as anti-chinese?

Take a look in the mirror and see that chinese chauvinism in you won't get you anywhere

I come from SINGAPORE and it is a tiny island state whose success story has gotten so much into some of their citizenry's head they don't know how to be friendly and courteous anymore! YOU ARE LIKE THAT!

A chinese chauvinist and Islamophobic $hit stirrer!!

[chutzpah]

talk about an avid fan following up on old posts....

the folks on this forum know me more than you aunty chutzpah....

they know YOU ARE the chinese chauvinist and they have made it plain clear!

why do u have to bang your pea-brain on the wall trying to paint others as anti-chinese?

Take a look in the mirror and see that chinese chauvinism in you won't get you anywhere

I come from SINGAPORE and it is a tiny island state whose success story has gotten so much into some of their citizenry's head they don't know how to be friendly and courteous anymore! YOU ARE LIKE THAT!

A chinese chauvinist and Islamophobic $hit stirrer!!

Much as you like to deny it, the evidence of what you wrote are there for all to read and they can be the judge. As being a Singaporean, well, as I said have pointed out repeatedly, you have lost all credibilty, you have no integrity and I doubt you ever have. So I also doubt that you were born in Singapore, you might come from SG after migrated there possibly from IND, but why should anything you said be taken seriously?

Your last 3 postings prove that and you are a big fat liar, trying to deny what you have written. You remain nothing but a sad sad got jilted full of self loathing menopausal wilted old maid, a sad case of a woman....

And getting all hysterical in your reply won't help your case dear... try suck a rotten egg, it will help people like you, honest dear.... since you have refused to take some arsenic ... what am I to do with you dear... a man may be?

[tangawizi]

aunty 8 inch louboutin, how come you obsessing about my nationality?

i know u are from Bolehland working in Singapore....

like many chinese from Bolehland, u got alotta lotta angst against your gahmen in Msia, and have to come and work in Singapore for your wage packet... so you can save up and buy that pair of louboutin u so need to look like sexy sexy sex robot.

why don't u just face it? u are a typical case of a Msian chinese who is all twisted up abt your race and the Malays??? u accuse Swingdoc of leaving Msia and yet still spouting harmonious relationships with the Malays... u not happy u cannot migrate to Australia izzit?

why? old maid arh, cannot qualify already arh? why don't u migrate to say Indonesia as a maid? in fact, on that alone, i bet in your 8 inch louboutin, u'd be a great maid in any country!

[chutzpah]

You know, trying to side line the very issue which you are so passionate about by throwing more vulgarities just won't do dear. And trying to introduce more topics no matter how relevant they are doesn't excuse you from the fact that you must be taken to task, as you have repeatedly made the same assertion.

In most of your postings in Msia and Indo chats, you persistently belittle all Malays and Indonesians in your posts on islam and extrapolate the ideologies of fundamentalists onto the mass of muslims.

Care to substantiate your claim?

[tangawizi]

You, aunty 8 inch louboutin, wants to take me to task?

Oooooooo..... i so scared!

[chutzpah]

Joke is on you dear sad little got jilted self loathing menopausal wilted oldmaid in case you don't realise. However the fact remains that you must provide evidence to back up your assertion:

In most of your postings in Msia and Indo chats, you persistently belittle all Malays and Indonesians in your posts on islam and extrapolate the ideologies of fundamentalists onto the mass of muslims.

Care to substantiate your claim?

[tangawizi]

Where's that 8 inch mouth of yours spouting caustic remarks gone all of sudden? I miss it!

[chutzpah]

Where's that 8 inch mouth of yours spouting caustic remarks gone all of sudden? I miss it!

My dear sad li'l old got jilted self loathing menopausal wilted oldmaid, the ones spouting caustic remarks are the li'l-3some which comprises of your sad pathetic self, DELirious and Majapahitan$hit. On the other hand, I am generously just casting pearly wisdom sadly to swines like you dear.

So instead of wishing you own a Louboutan, you still must be taken to task dear:

In most of your postings in Msia and Indo chats, you persistently belittle all Malays and Indonesians in your posts on islam and extrapolate the ideologies of fundamentalists onto the mass of muslims.

Care to substantiate your claim?

This post has been edited by chutzpah: May 8 2011, 04:48 AM

[Majapahitans]

cina please!

I always tought the word "Cina" is not offensive..., but if they want to be called "Tionghoa" or "Tiongkok", be my guest... but that a whole lots of letters... naah..
The way Metro TV call China as Chay-na (with english spelling) is totally wrong in Indonesian language's rule. Let just call them Cina, it's been done for centuries with no negative connotation applied...

If you all have the time, read this (in Indonesian):

Penggunaan istilah Cina, China, dan Tiongkok

Penggunaan istilah Cina, China, dan Tiongkok adalah kontroversi penggunaan istilah Cina, China, dan Tiongkok secara resmi dan benar politis (politically correct), dan ditinjau dari tata cara penggunaan bahasa serta hukum di Indonesia.

Sejarah Cina
Istilah Cina berasal dari nama Ahala (wangsa atau dinasti) Qin (baca Ch'in), dinasti 'Chin' (abad 3SM) merupakan dinasti pertama yang mempersatukan seluruh daratan Tiongkok di bawah sebuah pemerintahan pusat yang sangat kuat dan besar pengaruhnya. Walaupun masa pemerintahan dinasti itu tidak lama (sekitar 225 SM sampai 210 SM), dinasti ini mendirikan kerajaan pertama dan merintis bentuk kerajaan yang berjalan terus selama lebih dari 2000 tahun sampai revolusi republik pada tahun 1913.

Menurut hasil riset Leo Suryadinata, istilah Cina telah digunakan sejak awal abad-17. Teks-teks semi klasik di Cina sendiri sempat menggunakan istilah Zhina

Kekaisaran Chin terkenal karena di bawah kaisar pertamanya Shih Huang Ti (penulisan Kaisar Qin) dibangun pemerintahan terpusat dalam bentuk kekaisaran, dan selama pemerintahannya dilakukan pembakuan ukuran dan berat, ketepatan, dan sistem penulisan. Kaisar itu memerintahkan pembangunan tembok besar sepanjang 2400 KM untuk mempertahankan diri dari serangan bangsa Barbar. Bangga akan dinasti 'Chin' yang menjadi tonggak sejarah pendirian imperium pertama, Tembok Raksasa Cina, rintisan tulisan Chin, serta keteraturan dan ketertiban pemerintahan, orang-orang yang tinggal di negeri itu menyebut diri mereka sebagai 'orang-orang (dari negeri) Chin,' sehingga ketika terjadi perjumpaan dengan negara-negara Barat, negara itu disebut sebagai China dan orangnya disebut Chinese.

Sekitar abad ke-7 bangsa Chin masuk ke Indonesia pada awal abad ke-7, bangsa Inggris menyebutnya sebagai Chinese overseas dan di Indonesia disebut sebagai "Cina perantauan", kemudian masuk ke seluruh pelosok tanah air. Sejak abad ke-11, ratusan ribu bangsa Chin memasuki kawasan Indonesia terutama di pesisir utara pulau Jawa, pesisir selatan dan timur Sumatera, serta pesisir barat Kalimantan.

Pada awal kedatangan para perantau yang disebut "Cina baru" atau "singkeh" ini, mereka hidup melarat karena memulai kehidupan mereka dari nol. Pola hidup mereka sangat sederhana, hidup sangat hemat, dan terkesan kikir. Hal ini masih sering dijadikan mitos atau stereotipe orang Cina bersifat pelit dan egois. Kemudian mereka membentuk koloni "kampung Cina" atau 'Pecinan', sehingga dikenal istilah Cina menjadi populer. Misalnya untuk menyebut makanan seperti dodol Cina dan petai Cina, selain itu juga untuk menyebut tempat seperti bidara Cina dan kuburan Cina. Kemudian, di kawasan perkotaan yang banyak bermukim orang Cina populer istilah Pecinan. Dalam perbauran dengan budaya lokal dikenal wayang 'Po Te Hi' yang salah satu tokohnya disebut sebagai 'Puteri Cina'.

Istilah yang digunakan untuk Cina dalam berbagai bahasa dunia

Kekuasaan Kaisar Qin dan kerajaannya telah memunculkan istilah-istilah yang berasal dari nama dinasti itu.

Orang Rusia memakai istilah "Kitai"
Orang Arab mengatakan "Shin", yang sampai sekarang masih sering dikutip sabda Nabi Muhammad SAW
“ Uthlubul ‘ilma walaw bishshiin ”
— diriwayatkan oleh Anas bin Malik

Dalam bahasa Indonesia dikutip menjadi

“ Tuntutlah ilmu sampai ke negeri Cina ”

Kata yang mengacu ke Cina dalam Bahasa Jepang modern adalah "Zugoku", yang mirip bunyi dan artinya dengan "Zhonnguo" atau Tiongkok. Istilah Tionghoa berasal dari kata Zhonghua yang sebelum akhir abad ke-19 di Cina sendiri istilah itu belum digunakan secara umum.
Dalam bahasa Jawa digunakan "Cino", "Wong Cino", atau "Cinten" (merujuk pada orangnya) dalam pemakaian umum tanpa ada maksud melecehkan.
Di Indonesia istilah Cina telah digunakan secara umum semenjak kedatangan pertama orang Cina hingga sekarang.

Keberatan akan istilah Cina di Indonesia
Kelaliman Dinasti dan Kaisar Qin
Kaisar Qin juga dikenal sangat kejam, ia pemeluk aliran Legalis (Fajia) yang ajarannya sangat berlawanan dengan ajaran Kong Hu Cu. Atas perintahnya dilakukan pembakaran buku-buku ajaran Kong Hu Cu, dan memerintahkan hukuman dikubur hidup-hidup terhadap 500 sarjana Konfusianisme. Akibat dari tindakan brutal Kaisar Qin itu, beberapa orang Cina lebih suka menyebut diri mereka dengan kata "Tangren" yang kurang lebih berarti "keturunan Ahala Tang" salah satu dinasti yang meninggalkan zaman keemasan terutama dalam kesenian dan kesusastraan dalam sejarah Cina. Di kalangan etnis Cina di Indonesia, terutama yang berasal dari propinsi Fujian (Hokkian), sebutan itu menjadi "Tenglang".

Penjajahan
Di CinaPada tahun 1850, di Cina terjadi pemberontakan 'Taiping' (1850) dan Boxer (1900) yang merintis revolusi di tahun 1913. Ini mengakibatkan sikap antipati yang besar kepada bangsa Barat, sehingga dengan meningkatnya harga diri bangsa ini, kemudian mereka menolak sebutan China dan kembali pada premordialisme kebangsaan dan menyebut negeri mereka sebagai 'Chung-Kuo' atau 'Negara Tengah'

Pada Restorasi Meiji 1868, Jepang muncul sebagai salah satu negara adikuasa. Para pemimpin Jepang menjelang abad ke-20 sadar akan akar kebudayaan mereka yang berasal dari tanah Tiongkok, namun di sisi lain mereka melihat akan kebobrokan masyarakat dan pemerintahan Cina masa itu yang tengah berada di bawah penjajahan bangsa asing. Atas dasar itu, Cina dan bangsa Cina harus diselamatkan dari jurang penghinaan itu dengan cara mengenyahkan penjajahan bangsa Barat. Penyerbuan Jepang atas Cina yang terjadi beberapa kali sejak akhir abad ke-19 sampai pertengahan abad ke-20 didasari pada 'tugas suci' itu. Misi penyelamatan ini lalu berubah menjadi kolonialisme dan imperialisme. Istilah "Shina" yang dipakai orang Jepang lalu digunakan untuk menghina.

Di Indonesia

Di Indonesia, bangsa dari negeri Cina yang sudah lebih dahulu menguasai perdagangan di Indonesia selama beberapa ratus tahun bentrok dengan pendatang baru bangsa Barat, khususnya Belanda. Sehingga pada tahun 1740 di Batavia, kemudian disusul kota-kota lain, mereka memberontak terhadap dominasi VOC, akibatnya VOC dan pemerintah Belanda memberikan beberapa konsesi kepada bangsa perantau ini berupa pemberian hak-hak istimewa, bahkan kemudian mereka dianggap sebagai penduduk Timur Asing yang dianggap setingkat lebih tinggi dari warga penduduk asli.

Status istimewa ini mengakibatkan pandangan buruk penduduk pribumi terhadap para perantau Cina. Pertama karena kolaborasi mereka dengan penjajah dan praktik perdagangan yang bercorak Quanxi (koneksi/kolusi) dan merugikan masyarakat pribumi, serta banyak perilaku mereka yang menunjukkan kesenangan akan judi dan pemadat.

Penggunaan istilah Tiongkok dan Tionghoa
Sekitar akhir abad ke-19 diambilah jalan tengah penggunaan istilah Tiongkok yang diambil dari terjemahan Chung Kuo. Pada tahun 1901, didirikan organisasi Tiong Hoa Hwee Kwan yang dipengaruhi oleh gerakan pembaruan di daratan Tiongkok. Organisasi ini dipimpin oleh Kang Yu Wei, Liang Chi Chao, dan Phoa Keng Hek di Jakarta. Organisasi ini bertujuan mengembangkan adat-istiadat dan tradisi Tionghoa sesuai ajaran-ajaran Kong Hu Cu dan mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan, terutama di bidang tulis-menulis dan bahasa. Penggunaan kata Tionghoa juga terpengaruh gerakan Sun Yat-sen untuk meruntuhkan dinasti Ching dan menggantinya dengan "Chung Hwa Ming Kuo" atau "Republik Tiongkok". Sejak saat itu, mereka menyebut diri mereka dengan istilah Tionghoa, yaitu dialek Hokkian dari kata bahasa Mandarin Chung Hwa, dan menolak disebut Cina.

Pada tahun 1928, tokoh pergerakan Indonesia yang merasa "berhutang budi" kepada masyarakat Tionghoa karena koran-korannya banyak memuat tulisan pemimpin pergerakan tersebut. Sepakat mengganti sebutan Cina dengan Tionghoa. Koran Sin Po adalah koran pertama yang mengganti sebutan Hindia-Belanda menjadi Indonesia pada setiap penerbitannya, dan juga koran pertama yang memuat teks lagu Indonesia Raya ciptaan W.R. Supratman. Dalam teks penjelasan UUD 1945 kata yang digunakan adalah Tionghoa, bukan Cina. Semua itu terus berlangsung sampai jatuhnya Pemerintahan Presiden Soekarno, digantikan rezim Orde Baru.

Sejak itu istilah "Tionghoa" digunakan bersama sebagai padanan istilah "Cina" yang sudah populer lebih dahulu.

Pada tahun 1948, pada masa pemerintahan Presiden Soekarno selepas kemerdekaan, Indonesia mengalami keadaan genting menyangkut keberadaan dan penamaan "Cina" dan "Tionghoa". Adanya pemberontakan PKI di Madiun disinyalir mendapat dukungan dari Partai Komunis di RRC dan adanya dukungan dari beberapa Tionghoa, akibatnya secara umum Tionghoa dicurigai secara politik.

Pelarangan penggunaan istilah Tiongkok dan Tionghoa
Karena perkembangan politik yang semakin kacau, muncullah larangan tak resmi penggunaan istilah Tionghoa dikarenakan istilah ini digunakan oleh partai komunisme.

Konflik yang menyangkut etnis Cina atau Tionghoa pun makin meruncing, sehingga pada tahun 1957 dikeluarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 10 Tahun 1959 yaitu larangan perdagangan bagi semua orang yang masih memiliki kewarganegaraan Cina di Daerah Tingkat II. Pada tahun 1959, orang Cina dipersilakan memilih menjadi warga negara tanah leluhur (WNA) atau WNI. Konflik ini kemudian meluas, puncaknya terjadi peristiwa rasialisme pada 10 Mei 1963 di Bandung dan menjalar ke beberapa kota lainnya. (Lihat pula SBKRI)

Terjadinya Gerakan 30 September pada tahun 1965 dan kecurigaan akan dukungan RRC (yang saat itu di Indonesia disebut sebagai RRT yang merupakan singkatan dari Republik Rakyat Tiongkok) membuat pemerintahan Orde Baru pada tahun 1967 mengeluarkan Instruksi Presiden Nomor 14 Tahun 1967 yang melarang segala kegiatan keagamaan, kepercayaan, dan adat-istiadat Cina dilakukan di Indonesia, pengubahan sebutan kata Tionghoa-Tiongkok kembali menggunakan kata Cina dan mengubah singkatan RRT menjadi RRC (Republik Rakyat Cina), serta Taiwan yang dengan nama Republik Cina (Republic of China). Tahun itu pula dikeluarkan Surat Edaran Presidium Kabinet Ampera Nomor 06 Tahun 1967 dan Keputusan Menteri Perdagangan dan Koperasi Nomor 286/KP/XII/1978 yang isinya menganjurkan bahwa WNI keturunan yang masih menggunakan tiga nama untuk menggantinya dengan nama Indonesia sebagai upaya asimilasi. Bakin juga berperan mengawasi gerak-gerik masyarakat Cina melalui sebuah badan yang bernama Badan Koordinasi Masalah Cina (BKMC) terpaut dengan masalah komunisme.

Pencabutan Inpres Nomor 14 tahun 1967
Pada masa pemerintahan Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid Instruksi Presiden (Inpres) Nomor 14 tahun 1967 dicabut dan diganti dengan Keppres 6 Tahun 2000, namun surat edarannya tidak, hingga tahun 2004 etnis Tionghoa masih memperjuangkan dicabutnya surat edaran ini.

Kompromi diplomatik dan penggunaan di media
Pada awal 1990-an, diadakan pertemuan antara Pemerintah RRC dan Kamar Dagang dan Industri Indonesia (KADIN). Saat perundingan ini terjadi untuk membuka kembali hubungan diplomatik antara Republik Indonesia dan Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (RRT) ada ganjalan dalam penyebutan nama negara. Pemerintah RI ingin mempertahankan sebutan Republik Rakyat Cina dan sebaliknya pemerintah RRT ingin menyebut dirinya Republik Rakyat Tiongkok. Setelah perundingan yang cukup alot, diambil jalan tengah dengan memperkenalkan penggunaan kata China (baca: Chai-na) dari bahasa Inggris. Kompromi diplomatik ini menyebabkan kekeliruan bahasa, dalam kosakata bahasa Indonesia pengucapan "China" mengikuti cara mengucapkannya tetap saja "c-i-n-a" sehingga sebutannya menjadi Republik Rakyat China (RRC). Pengucapan ini digunakan oleh MetroTV, stasiun TV nasional Indonesia, dengan pengucapan patuh keliru atau tidak taat azas bahasa. Penulisannya sendiri digunakan oleh surat kabar Kompas dan seluruh jajaran penerbitan Kompas-Gramedia sekitar tahun 2006. Pada tahun yang sama, Jawa Pos media yang sirkulasinya sebagian besar di Indonesia Timur menggunakan istilah Tionghoa dan Tiongkok.
Situs web kedutaan besar RRC menggunakan istilah "Tiongkok", namun tidak konsisten, contohnya dengan pengecualian penamaan "Laut China Selatan".
Istilah Cina sendiri telah digunakan untuk menamakan tempat, kutipan, nama ilmiah tanaman, judul-judul buku yang sudah beredar, dan kebudayaan. Contohnya "Pecinan", "pacar cina" (tumbuhan), "Lebaran Cina" (penamaan perayaan Imlek oleh masyarakat Betawi), "Laut Cina Selatan", atau "Geger Pacinan" (pemberontakan Sunan Kuning di Kartasura pada masa Pakubuwono II).
Perjanjian Kemitraan Strategis antara Indonesia-Cina secara resmi ditandatangani pada 25 April 2005 antara Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono dan Presiden Hu Jintao pada dan disebutkan pada pidato "50 Tahun Kerjasama Kebudayaan RI-RRT" yang diselenggarakan di Arena Pekan Raya Jakarta.

This post has been edited by Majapahitans: May 8 2011, 05:41 AM

[elleX0]

My dear sad li'l old got jilted self loathing menopausal wilted oldmaid, the ones spouting caustic remarks are the li'l-3some which comprises of your sad pathetic self, DELirious and Majapahitan$hit. On the other hand, I am generously just casting pearly wisdom sadly to swines like you dear.

So instead of wishing you own a Louboutan, you still must be taken to task dear:

Care to substantiate your claim?

There is only one reason why some women get so nasty, vindictive, and unsociable, their hormones need rebalancing. She,T, should see a GP as she is getting worse by the day.

[Airlangga]

*sedang membayangkan apa yg akan terjadi jika mas Purnomor ketemu sama si chutzpah ini*

Hahahaha