Massacre and slaughter of Overseas Chinese Options

[Junzi]

Massacre and Slaughter of the Overseas Chinese

A.D. 1602 - Luzon, Phillipines
At least 30,000 chinese merchants were slaughtered
and in Luzon chinese officials and civilians were killed
without authority by what The Ming Shi-lu (明實錄) describes
as the barbarian(spanish) cheiftain of Luzon during that time.
The surviving chinese fled to Wawa, or what is now known as
Guagua, this atrocity is known in Chinese history as the Luzon
Tragedy (吕宋惨案). The Tsaynese inhabitants of Manila set fire
to Legarda and Binondo and for a time threatened to capture Intramuros.

A.D. 1603 - Manila, Philippines
24,000 massacred by Spaniards when Ming Mandarins
visited the islands sparking fears of Chinese dominance.

A.D. 1662 - Manila, Philippines
30,000 put to sea and expelled from the Philippines.
Those caught outside the Parian (Manila's Chinese
ghetto) were beheaded immediately.

A.D. 1639-1640 - Manila, Philippines
20,000 die in anti-Chinese violence

A.D. 1686 - Manila, Philippines
Anti-Chinese violence

A.D. 1740 - Batavia, Indonesia (Batavian Fury)
10,000 Chinese slaughtered by Dutch when the Chinese
objected to forced removals to Sri Lanka as slave
labour.

A.D. 1763 - Manila, Philippines
Anti- Chinese violence

A.D. 1792 - Cholon, Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh City)
10,000 Chinese massacred in the Tay Son movement's
retaking of Cholon from Nguyen Anh who in 1780 had
proclaimed himself the new Nguyen ruler. According to
Nguyen records, Nhac of Tay Son lost one of his closest
aides, killed by Nguyen troops who happened to be ethnic
Chinese. In revenge, Nhac ordered the killing of ethnic
Chinese in the city including the women and children. It
has been speculated that this act was also to destroy the
ethnic Chinese commercial monopoly.

A.D. 1823 - South Borneo
10,000-20,000 Chinese massacred when Chinese "kongsi"
resisted the withdrawal and reselling of mining
concession to the Dutch by local Sultans due to
monetary jealousy and rivalry.

ca. A.D. 1824-1851 Reign of Rama III - Thailand
A band of Chinese insurgents capture and loot the city
of Chachengsao, causing the majority of the Siamese
population to flee the city. The government successfully
dispatched troops to put down the affair. After a few
confrontations one of the rebel leaders changed sides
and led his troops to capture the other rebel leaders. The
rest of the rebels soon fled the city and were surrounded
by the government troops. The town folk returned and
initiated a massacre. Some Chinese tried to flee by
becoming monks, but were not spared and many hanged
themselves to avoid the slaughter. Deaths numbered in
the thousands.

A.D. 1857 - Sarawak, North Borneo
2,000-5,000 Chinese massacred by Raja Brooke when a
Hakka gold-mining "kongsi" failed to murder him. Liu
Shanbang led 600-armed miners from Bau Lama to attack
Kuching on the 18th of February 1857. He succeeded in
the attack but James Brooke escaped unhurt. Liu became
the de facto 'Rajah' of Sarawak for 5 days from the 19th
to the 23rd of February after which Liu and his men
retreated to Bau when Tuan Muda Charles Brooke with
his Dayak force from 2nd Division (Sri Aman) retaliated.
Liu Shanbang was killed at Jugan, Siniawan on or about
the 24th of February. His men and their families were
mostly killed or suffocated to death by the Rajah's men at
Mau San and Ghost Cave areas with some managing to
escape to Indonesia.

A.D. 1871 - Los Angeles, California, USA
19 Chinese die when white Los Angeles citizens go bezerk
after the accidental killing of a white man by a Chinese
laborer.

A.D. 1877 - Chico, California, USA
Anti-Chinese violence.

A.D. 1885 - Rock Springs, Wyoming, USA
Anti-Chinese violence.

A.D. 1887 - Snake River, Oregon, USA
31 Chinese miners massacred in a 2-day orgy of violence.

A.D. 1890s - San Francisco & Seattle, USA
Thousands of Chinese were assaulted in "pigtail cutting
parties" by unemployed white vigilantes frightened by
the Yellow Peril frenzy.

A.D. 1942 - Singapore (Operation Sook Ching)
70,699 Chinese tortured and/or killed by Japanese
Kempeitai in Colonel Tsuji Masanobu's "Sook Ching" or
Purification/Ethnic Cleansing in reprisals for overseas
Chinese support of mainland China against the Japanese
invasion.

A.D. 1942 - Malaya (Operation Sook Ching)
40,000 Chinese killed by Japanese Kempetai in the
continuation of the Singapore Sook Ching.

A.D. 1946 - Malaya
The withdrawal of Japanese troops created a power
vacuum in Malaya. The predominately Chinese MPAJA
representing the victorious Allied forces with the approval
of the British, streamed out of the jungles to assume
control of towns and villages to impose law and order
prior to the British arrival. However, brutal reprisals and
witchhunts of Japanese collaborators and police personnel,
many of which were from the Japanese favoured Malay
population polarised the conflict along racial lines. Malays
retaliated with a fiery brand of Malay mysticism, Islam and
martial arts, forming the Red Band under Kiyai (Tok Guru)
Salleh and the Sabilillah. The Japanese, angered by the
MPAJA guerrilla activities during the occupation, joined the
Malays in the Batu Pahat area of Johor state to clear the
area of Chinese elements. The fighing spread thoughout
Malaya with the worst fighting occuring in Northern Johor
and central Perak states. Thousands died in the fighting
with large areas cleared of Chinese settlers who were
forced to flee to the larger cities.

A.D. 1948 - Batang Kali, Malaya
14 British soldiers in search of communist guerrillas in the ethnic
Chinese village of Batang Kali, opened fire on unarmed men and
torched the village.

A.D. 1965-1966 - Indonesia
500,000 killed in anti-communist violence, many were
local Chinese suspected of communist activities, others
were those who joined the PKI (Parti Kommunis Indonesia)
ignorant of the ideology but attracted by it's stance for
defending worker rights, while many others were innocent
victims caught in the frenzied bloodletting of racial
jealousy and animosity.

A.D. 1975- Vietnam
Expelled 300 thousand Chinese to sea

A.D. 1975- Cambodia
Killed almost all Cambodian Chinese

A.D. 1969 - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
1500-2000 Chinese dead from racial rioting sparked by
Chinese electoral victories in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur
which prevented the formation of a Malay dominated state
goverment in Selangor and the 2/3 majority in Parliment
required to push through constitutional amendments
without a referendum.

A.D. 1992, Phillipines
Anti-Chinese protests.

A.D. 1996 - Situbondo, Indonesia
Anti-Chinese violence.

A.D. 1996 - Tasikmalaya, Indonesia
Anti-Chinese violence

A.D. 1997 - Rengasdengklok, Indonesia
Anti-Chinese violence

A.D. 1998 - Jakarta, Solo, Surabaya, Palembang, Lampung - Indonesia
Thousands of Chinese businesses and homes were burnt,
looted and smashed when rampaging youths, chafting
under the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, blamed the Chinese
for their sufferings and rioted in the streets of Jakarta.
Untold numbers of Chinese were killed, Chinese girls were
gang-raped and houses plundered. The Indonesian police,
unable or unwilling to stop the violence, prompted residents
of housing estates to band together to erect barricades,
arm themselves and to employ armed guards to patrol the
streets.

A.D. 1998, Phillipines
Anti-Chinese protests against Presidential Candidate Alfredo Lim.

A.D. 2001, Tonga
4000 Chinese assaulted in a racist attack.

A.D. 2006, Tonga
80% of Chinese shops looted and damaged.

A.D. 2006, Solomon Islands
>90% Chinese shops in Chinatown damaged, destroyed and looted.

A.D. 2007, Milan, Italy
Anti-Chinese riot

A.D. 2007, Maseru, Lesotho
Anti-Chinese riot

A.D 2009, Padang, Indonesia
Earthquake at Padang, Indonesia. The indonesian rescue team unwilling
to help around 3000 trapped Chinese people. They will help only if
they pay Rp. 350 000/soul. The media tried to hide this news.

Liang Jieming
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/DragonSeedLegacy

This post has been edited by Junzi: Jun 20 2011, 01:51 AM

[Flowerseed]

The sad reality up until now is that oversea chinese were basically 天朝弃民, even at the peak of its power chinese states historically only managed to provide stability and protection to its people as far as the national border goes. Its only since recent times when mainland china was able to provide some assistence to oversea chinese outside in time of nature or human catastrophes, still its hardly sufficient(yet). I still remember some PLA members in mainland China said that the thing they admire the most of the americans is the commitment and ability to protect their people wherever they goes.

[Suijen]

It goes way back to 1955 when Zhou Enlai ensured SEA Nations that China recognized overseas Chinese as peoples of non-Chinese nationality, reassuring SEA Nations that their countries won't face some sort of Communist infiltration. At the time, there was a strong fear of the Chinese diaspora (the Jews of the East).

[Mid-Night_Sun]

The sad reality up until now is that oversea chinese were basically 天朝弃民, even at the peak of its power chinese states historically only managed to provide stability and protection to its people as far as the national border goes. Its only since recent times when mainland china was able to provide some assistence to oversea chinese outside in time of nature or human catastrophes, still its hardly sufficient(yet). I still remember some PLA members in mainland China said that the thing they admire the most of the americans is the commitment and ability to protect their people wherever they goes.

americans are now admiring china in this manner.

China's evacuation of citizens from Libya is impressive: U.S. observer
English.news.cn 2011-03-05 09:20:52 FeedbackPrintRSS

by Zhao Jing

CHICAGO, March 4 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese government's successful evacuation of 35,860 Chinese nationals from chaotic Libya within such a short time is really impressive and amazing, a U.S. observer said Friday.

"No one can fail to be amazed and impressed by the scope and magnitude of the achievement," said Jim Fox, a senior consultant at a Chicago-based management and investment consulting firm, Royal Roots Global Inc.

"Bringing out so many people so quickly and without loss of life is a fantastic achievement. This is especially the case when considering the degree of difficulty involved with moving so many people over such great distances in so short a time," Fox told Xinhua.

Fox has over three-decade experience working with and advising clients with regard to international business transactions. His extensive international experience in Asia, Europe and the Americas provides him with valuable insight into international events such as China's recent evacuation effort.

By utilizing air, sea and land operations, the Chinese government, after unrest and violence hit Libya, successfully evacuated 35,860 Chinese plus 2,100 foreign nationals out of the country over the past two weeks.

Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Song Tao said this was the largest and the most complicated overseas evacuation ever conducted by the Chinese government since the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.

Fox saw China's rapid economic growth over the past decades as a key element in the evacuation's success.

"In the absence of China's dramatic economic growth over the past two decades, it would be difficult to imagine it having the means to successfully complete such a challenging operation," he said.

In addition, Fox believed the favorable circumstances, such as the lack of objections by the Gaddafi regime to the departures and the absence of any Libyan military opposition to the air and sea lifts, were also of importance.

"Even under the most favorable circumstances, the ability to successfully undertake such a task as in this instance is a great tribute to those who accomplished it," Fox emphasized.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/inde.../c_13762084.htm

This post has been edited by Mid-Night_Sun: Mar 5 2011, 02:20 AM

[Crossbowmen2]

Barbarians will be barbarians. They are governed by instinct and cannot be reasoned with.

This post has been edited by Crossbowmen2: Mar 5 2011, 02:49 AM

[Seres1091]

This is what happens when you are weak (end of Ming and throughout Qing times). Before, no Chinese would want to go to those barbarian south east Asian countries.

Awake dragon, rise from the ashes....

This post has been edited by Seres1091: Mar 5 2011, 03:27 PM

[MiCC]

This is what happens when you are weak (end of Ming and throughout Qing times). Before, no Chinese would want to go to those barbarian south east Asian countries.

Awake dragon, rise from the ashes....

Yup, I dare any of the SEA　nation pull a string on Chinese ethnic now, their economy will face serious repercussion from PRC.

[Crossbowmen2]

Yup, I dare any of the SEA　nation pull a string on Chinese ethnic now, their economy will face serious repercussion from PRC.

Ethnic Chinese IS the economy of many SEA countries. Without Chinese in thier country, natives would be licking rocks under a tree.

[KraterosHellas]

Ethnic Chinese IS the economy of many SEA countries. Without Chinese in thier country, natives would be licking rocks under a tree.

just look at singapore. it's like over half ethnic chinese

[ocrapdm]

Massacre and Slaughter of the Overseas Chinese

A.D. 1603 - Manila, Philippines
24,000 massacred by Spaniards when Ming Mandarins
visited the islands sparking fears of Chinese dominance.

A.D. 1662 - Manila, Philippines
30,000 put to sea and expelled from the Philippines.
Those caught outside the Parian (Manila's Chinese
ghetto) were beheaded immediately.

A.D. 1639-1640 - Manila, Philippines
20,000 die in anti-Chinese violence

A.D. 1686 - Manila, Philippines
Anti-Chinese violence

A.D. 1763 - Manila, Philippines
Anti- Chinese violence

You can add to that:

A.D. 1904-1945
Chinese Exclusion Act made by American governor-generals

A.D. 1975
Banning of Chinese script and Mandarin lessons in all Chinese schools in the Philippines made by dictator Ferdinand Marcos.

A.D. 1992
Anti-Chinese protests.

A.D. 1998
Anti-Chinese protests against Presidential Candidate Alfredo Lim (who is now the Mayor of Manila).

_______________________________________________________


OVERSEAS CHINESE in the Philippines revolted THREE TIMES from Spanish officials during the Spanish colonization - and at one time, almost succeeded.

The Philippines would have been PROSPEROUS NOW if the Chinese were successful in their revolts. MOST economic development in the Philippines is made by Chinese owned businesses.

Zhou Enlai shouldn't have cut PRC ties with Overseas Chinese.

This post has been edited by ocrapdm: Mar 10 2011, 08:46 AM

[Yerroperil]

Guess most SEA countries are jealous of ethnic Chinese success in business. Hope recent agitation in the South China Sea doesn't end up with more massacres.

This post has been edited by Yerroperil: Jun 15 2011, 12:01 AM

[KaskusPertamax]

Analysis: South-East Asia's Chinese


By Mangai Balasegaram in Kuala Lumpur

In most countries, Loh Yee Leng, a bright 21-year-old with a string of 'A' grades, would be a winning candidate for university. But in Malaysia, grades aren't the only criteria for entry into universities - race is as well.

Only a limited number of places at public universities are available for ethnic Chinese, who comprise 26% of Malaysia's population. Places are set aside for native Malays - even if their grades are lower.

This year, several hundred top-grade Chinese students - including Ms Loh - received rejections from public universities. Yet, some 10,000 university seats allocated for Malays remained empty.

The racial quota system at universities is part of a three-decade long policy to advance Malays, the "bumiputra" (sons of the soil). Malays also have special privileges in business and property, and dominate the civil service.

"The Chinese accept that many Malays deserve help. But these policies should now be structured according to need, not race," says Malaysian opposition politician Lim Guan Eng, adding that these policies have been misused and encourage cronyism.

A similar situation has existed for years in Indonesia, where the "pribumi" are accorded special rights in land ownership and business.

These policies were justified as affirmative action, to promote native populations against the economic muscle of the ethnic Chinese. The unwritten social contract across South-East Asia was that ethnic Chinese have to lose certain rights in return for citizenship.

'Jews of the East'

Ethnic Chinese have settled in South-East Asia for centuries, but most today are descendants of 19th century migrants from southern China.

Some 80 years ago, Thailand's King Rama VI called the Chinese the "Jews of the East". Across the region, they have faced much discrimination, often deeply resented for their wealth. In Manila, the community are often targeted by kidnappers.

Today, they are effectively the region's business class, controlling the bulk of listed companies in the region's stock markets - more than 80% in Thailand and Singapore, 62% in Malaysia, about 50% in the Philippines. In Indonesia, they control more than 70% of corporate wealth - although some dispute this figure.

The Chinese have faced similar segregation policies and laws controlling property to the Jews, notes south-east Asian expert Professor Amy Freedman, from the US Franklin and Marshall College.

Ms Freedman disputes the popular belief that the Chinese are naturally good businessman, looking instead to history for an explanation.

"The Chinese were kept from owning land and were used as middlemen by colonialists, leaving them in a position to own and operate business once colonialism ended," she says.

Divide and rule

Integration - and inter-marriage - of the community has been greatest in Thailand and Philippines, so much so that some are hardly recognisable as Chinese. Former Filipino leader Cory Aquino, for example, has Chinese blood.

Assimilation has been actively encouraged - in Thailand, for example, ethnic Chinese must adopt local names in order to get citizenship.

The varying relations of ethnic Chinese with local populations are due to differences in religion as well as history. "The colonial powers treated the Chinese immigrants in different ways - the Dutch and the British used a divide and conquer method, the Spanish and the Americans worked on assimilating the whole population," Ms Freedman says.

Discrimination has been most acute in Indonesia, with the community the target of mob violence and riots. In May 1998, Chinese properties were looted and burnt and many people attacked. Nearly 170 Chinese women were also systematically raped, of whom 20 later died.

Many Chinese were also killed during Indonesia's 1965 anti-communist purge, in which some 500,000 lives were lost.

It was around then that Chinese script was banned, Chinese-language schools closed down, celebration of festivals forbidden, and even speaking Chinese in public was discouraged. Customs officials considered the Chinese language "as dangerous to the people of Indonesia" as weapons.

Many Chinese changed their names, but their identity cards would still mark their ethnicity.

However, such regulations have since gone, after former President Abdurrahman Wahid allowed the use of Chinese script and celebration of their festivals.

The community are now enjoying a cautious cultural revival - an indication that the culture has been as resilient as "bamboo", to quote one ethnic leader.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1514916.stm