Chronology of major events relate to the Meo or Hmong, Prasit Leeprecha Options

[tutorboy]

Figure 4. Chronology of major events relate to the Meo or Hmong

Period
Events

c.a. 3000 BC Jo Li hill tribe and Huang Di hill tribe fought along the Yellow River at Zhwo Lu.
The Yau, Shun and Yu kingdoms in the 21st century BC
The San Miao tribe fought against the Tan Yao and Yu Shun tribes. Following this fighting, the San Miau fought the Nu Li Zhu kingdom of the Shia Dynasty.

8th and 9th century BC, late Xi Zhou kingdom
King Zhou Shun ordered General Fang Shu to launch a punitive expedition against Jing Mi.
Near the beginning of the 4th century BC, late Zhang Guo kingdom
General Zhwang Qiau during the Chu kingdom launched a punitive expedition along the east side of the Shwo Yuan River passing central Hubei into Qie Yang, Yie Lang and Dian Guo regions.

BC 221 to 206, late Qing to early Western Han Dynasty During the Qing Dynasty,
the area of central Hubei was declared Mo Zhong County. Under the Western Han Dynasty, the name was changed to Wu Ling County.

36 AD, during the 12-year reign of King Jian Wu of the Eastern Han Dynasty
During the Eastern Han Dynasty a person by the name of Cau Shie Shian Luo was honored for his services in Yang Ke Prefecture, verified by King Jian Wu. This was known in history as the “Yang Ke Shie She” event.

49 AD, the 25th year of the reign of King Jian Wu of the Eastern Han Dynasty
General Ma Yuan led more than 40,000 troops to attack Wu Xi at a place known today as the Yuan Jiang River in western Hunan.

Early in the year of 115 AD, Eastern Han Dynasty
In the Wu Ling and Li Zhong area, the Meo people along with other minority tribes revolted.

450 AD, in the 27th year of King Liu Song Yuan Jia of the Nan Bei Dynasty
General Shen Qing Zhe of the Jing Zhou area led his troops to Wu Xi and plundered it.

777 AD, in the 12th year of King Da Li of the Tang Dynasty
At places today known as Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan and Er Provinces, borders were established and controlled by an authority with the title “Mo Zhou Jing Luay Zhau Tau Guang Cha She” (similar to a special envoy).
He controlled the twelve states of Mo, Chen, Jing, Se, Shi, Yi, Fei, Shu, Nan, Qing, Zhen and Bo.

787 AD, in the 3rd year of King Zhen Guang of the Tang Dynasty
In the area of Sung Ding in the state of Mi Zhou (today known as Guiyang), the people were known as the “ Shui Dong Song Shi” people.

9th Century, during the reigns of Kings Da Zhong, Shian Tong and Qian Fu
The tribe Nan Zhau Nu Li Zhu attacked the central Hubei area many times and captured many people including Meo and took them to Yunnan to become slaves.

910 AD, reign of the Kings Liang Kai and Ping Wu of Wu Dai Dynasty
In the area of Xizhou, now known as western Hunan, lived two brothers, Pong Xian and Pong Gang. The people of this area called them Xizhou Pong Shi.

911 AD, reign of King Chian Hua of the line of Liang kings of the Wu Dai Dynasty
In the area of Chen Zhou, now known as southwestern Hunan, lived Yang Zai Si. The people of this area called him Chen Hui Zhou Yang Shi.

960 AD, the first year of the reign of King Jian Long of the Song Dynasty
The leader of the Yao tribe, Qing Zai Shong, became the leader of the whole area of Chen Zhou. He then persuaded the Meo and Yao minority tribes to cooperate with him.

1107 AD, first year of King Da Guan of the Sung Dynasty
In the area Si Zhou, now known as northeastern Hubei, lived Tian You Gong. The people of this area called him Si Zhou Yang Shi.

1283 AD, 20th year of King Zhi Yuan of the Yuan Dynasty
In the area called Zhou Xi Shi Ba Dong, now known as Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Er Provinces, the Meo tribes people opposed the Yuan Dynasty.

1356 AD, 16th year of King Zhi Zhen of the Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Government ordered General Yang Wang Zhi of the Meo tribe to take his 100,000 strong Meo soldiers to the areas of Suzhou, Zhejiang and Anhui to stop a revolt.

1366 AD, 26th year of King Zhi Zhen of the Yuan Dynasty
A person named Wu Tian Bao led Meo and Yao troops from southwest Hunan to fight against the government and captured the five states of Chen, Yuan, Xu, Jin and Wu Tong and the provinces Hubei and Henan.

1413 AD, 11th year of King Yong Le of the Ming Dynasty
A new province called Guizhou was established. The provinces Si Zhou and Si Nan divided up. Si Zhou became Si Zhou, Shing Hua, Li Ping and She Qian. Si Nan became Si Nan, Tong Ren, Niau Luo, and Zhen Yuan.

Between 1426 and 1433 AD, 1st to the 8th years of King Xuan De of the Ming Dynasty
At the border between Hubei and Hunan near the La Er Mountain, the Meo fought against the government. The government of the reigning Ming Dynasty sent 120,000 troops to put down the revolt.

Between 1436 and 1454 AD, from the 1st year of King Zhen Tong to the 4th year of King Tian Shun of the Ming Dynasty
For 24 years, two people named Mong Neng and Li Tian Bao led Meo troops from southwest Hunan to revolt against the government.


Between 1449 and 1451 AD, from the 14th year of King Zhen Tong to the 2nd year of King Zhi Jing of the Ming Dynasty
The Meo and Li tribes revolted against the government in the following places:
south of Pan Zhou state in Guizhou Province;
east of Niau Mong state in Sichuan Province;
east of Yuan Zhou state and the northern part of Wu Tong state of the Hu Guang Province (today Hunan and Guangdong Provinces).

Between 1457 and 1459 AD, the 1st to 3rd years of King Tian Shun of the Ming Dynasty
In an area of Guizhou (today a part of south-central Hubei Province) the Meo leader, Gang Ba Zhu, revolted against the government.

1501-02 AD, the 14th and 15th years of King Hong Zhi of the Ming Dynasty
Li Zai Wan from Chen Bu of the Meo tribe revolted against the government.

Between 1536 and 1551 AD, 14th to 31st years of King Zha Jing of the Ming Dynasty
Long Mu So and Long Xu Bao led Meo troops of the provinces of Hunan, Hubei and Sichuan to revolt against the government.

1600 AD, the 28th year of King Wan Li of the Ming Dynasty
The government put down the revolt called Yang Yin Long, so named after the person who instigated it in Pan Zhou State. Pan Zhou was then divided into:
two districts named Pin Yue and Zun Yi;
two states named Huang Ping and Zhen An; and
three counties named Tong Zi, Wong An and Lie Chuan

1665 AD, 4th year of King Kang Xi of the Qing Dynasty
The government put down the revolt called An Kwun, so named after the person who instigated it in the Ping Shue state. Ping Shue was divided into four districts: Wey Yu, Mo Xi, Da Ding and Ping Yuan.

Between 1704 and 1730 AD, from the 43rd year of King Kang Shi to the 8th year of King Yong Zhen of the Qing Dynasty
At the La Er Mountain Meo area, the government established four offices: Fong Huang, Qian Zhou, Yong Shue and Song Tau.

Between 1726 and 1736 AD, from the 4th year of King Yong Zhen to the 1st year of King Qian Long of the Qing Dynasty
The government of the Qing Dynasty in the southwest and middle south of the country (“Xi Nan and Zhung Nan”) in all provinces granted formal land title to people residing on land previously lacking proper title.

Between 1729 and 1733 AD, from the 7th to the 11th year of King Yong Zhen of the Qing Dynasty
The Meo people living in the southeastern Hubei area set up six government offices: Ba Zai, Gu Zhou, Du Jiang, Ching Jiang, Dang Jiang and Tai Gong.

1735-36 AD, from the 13th year of King Yong Zhen to the 1st year of King Qian Long of the Qing Dynasty
Two Meo people named Bau Li and Hung Ying led the southeastern Hubei soldiers to revolt against the government. The revolt spread to many different counties.

1740-41 AD, 5th and 6th years of King Qian Long of the Qing Dynasty
Two people named Li Shian Yu and Yang Qing Bau from Cheng Bu County in Hunan Province led the Meo and Hui tribes to revolt against the government.

1795-96 AD, the 60th year of King Qian Long and the 1st year of King Jia Qing of the Qing Dynasty
Two people named Shi Liu Den and Wu Ba Yue led the Meo people from three provinces, Hunan, Hubei and Sichuan, to revolt against the government. The revolt spread to more than ten counties.

1847-48 AD, the 27th and 28th years of King Dao Guang of the Qing Dynasty
A Meo person named Lei Zai Hao from Shing Yu County in Hunan Province led Meo and Yao troops, along with the Han people, to revolt against the government.

Between 1855 and 1873 AD, from the 5th year of King Xian Fong to the 12th year of King Tong Zhi of the Qing Dynasty
Six Meo people from Guizhou Province -- Zhang Shiu Mei, Liu Tian Cheng, Pan Ming Jie, Ai Da Wu, Tau Shing and Chun Deng Ren -- led a revolt against the government. History calls this the Shian Tong Revolt. The revolt spread to five provinces: Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Guanxi and Yunnan.

Between 1884 and 1895 AD, the 10th to the 21st years of King Guan Xu of the Qing Dynasty
A person named Xiang Zong Zhou from An Ping Ting District, which was split up into two counties now known as Ma Guan and Ma Li Po, led the Meo, Han, Yao and Zhuang people to fight France and win back much territory. The fighting lasted 11 years.

1906, the 32nd year of King Guan Xu of the Qing Dynasty
Meo people from three areas – southern Hubei’s Du Jun, Gui Ding and Jiang Du counties -- fought against French missionaries.

Late 19th century to the early 20th century, reign of King Guan Xu of the Qing Dynasty
Western imperialism robbed natural resources from the Meo people in Ba Zhai County (today Dan Zai) of Guizhou Province when a mercury mine was opened. An iron mine was opened at Ching Xi (today Zhen Yuan) County.

1911, 3rd year of King Shun Tong of the Qing Dynasty
The Meo people at Fong Huang County in western Hunan Province and Sung Tao County in Guizhou Province joined in the Xing Hai revolution a and recovered western Hunan Province.

1916, 5th year of the Republic of China
The Meo and the Tu Jia people of western Hunan and eastern Sichuan provinces set up a national guard to oppose the Yuan Shi Kai monarchy.

1926-27, the15th and 16th years of the republican era
The Chinese Communist Party led the Meo people from seven counties -- Chen Bu, Ma Gui, Fung Huang, Yung Shue, Qian Chen, Gu Zhang and Zhang Xi -- to set up a farmer association in order to promote the development of farming communities.

1927, the 16th year of the republican era
The Chinese Communist Party set up Tai Ping Dong Soviet and the Mu Rey Shan base.

1928, the 17th year of the republican era
A person named He Long led the Meo people to join a rebellion and at the same time set up a base at Hunan and western Er Provinces.

1932, the 21st year of the republican era
The Meo people from Yunnan Province, Qiu Bei County revolted against the government. The Meo people in the surrounding counties joined in this revolt.

Between 1932 and 1939, the 21st to 28th years of the republican era
Wang Kai Hong led the Meo people from Fu Ning and Guang Nan Counties in Yunnan Province to revolt against the government. Wang Kai Hong and his revolutionaries joined communist farmer guerrillas in southeast Yunnan and fought against the government.

1934, the 23rd year of the republican era
The special military group, 2nd Red Army Group, set up special military areas along the Mo Dong River, Ying Jiang, Song Tao and Xio Shan in Sichuan’s Qiu Gwei County to fight against the government. In the winter of the same year the 2nd Red Army Group met the Hong Liu Army Group at western Hunan Province. They set up a base at western Hunan and Yong Xun.

1935-36, the 24th and 25th years of the republican era
The Hong Jun Army Group from the central government. and the Hong E Army Group set out on the Long March. During the journey they passed four provinces where Meo people lived.

Between 1936 and 1938, the 25th to 27th years of the republican era
The Meo people in western Hunan revolted and overthrew a more than 140-year-old land system.

Between 1939 and 1945, the 28th to 34th years of the republican era
A Meo farmer named Xiong Liang Chen in southern Hubei’s Wan Mo County revolted against the government and created a group to protect farmer interests.

1943, the 31st year of the republican era
The Meo and Hui people in eastern Hubei Province revolted against the ruling nationalist party, or KMT.

1943 On Hainan Island at Bai Sha County in three places -- Zhung Ping, Nan Mao and Jia Rei – the KMT killed around 4,500 Meo people. This is known as the Five-Thirteen Event in history.

1944, the 33rd year of the republican era
Chung Ai, a communist on Hainan Island at Wu Zhi Shan in the Meo area set up a base to support the revolution. In the same year the Japanese imperialists invaded Guangxi Province. The underground communists set up a group mainly of civilians joined by the Meo people to fight against the Japanese at Long Shue, Long Shen and Luo Shen Meo areas.

1946, the 35th year of the republican era
Chung Ai implemented land reform on Hainan Island in Wan Wu, Chung Zhung and Bao Ting Counties in the Meo area.

1948, the 37th year of the republican era
The communists at the Sung Tao Meo area set up a base to carry out guerilla warfare.

The communists and the Meo, Li, Hui and Han people in eastern Yunnan Province, at Luo Ping, Shi Zhung, Ping Li, and Guizhou Pan Counties set up the 3rd army detachment to carry out guerilla warfare.
The Meo, Zhuang and Han people in southeastern Yunnan set up the Dian Gui Mo the communist 4th army detachment.

1949, the 38th year of the republican era
The communists at the Dian Gui Mo border set up a border base at western Hubei’s Wei Yu County in order to help the Meo and Li people carry out guerilla warfare. The communists set up the Liu Bei People’s Liberation Army unit made up of Meo and Hui people in northern Guanxi’s Long Shen, Shan Jiang and Long Shua. At the same time the government of the People’s Republic was established.

Oct. 1, 1949

Nov. 1949 to spring of 1950
The Peoples Republic of China was established.
The People’s Liberation Army entered the southwest into Hunan, Hubei, Guanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces to free the Meo people in those areas.

1962-1966 Cultural Revolution by Mao Zedong.

Feb. 17, 1979 A large Chinese invasion force struck into Vietnam, Hmong communities along the border were battlefields.





Source: A Short History of the Miao Nationality, Guizhou, 1985 (in Chinese).

This post has been edited by tutorboy: Oct 1 2009, 11:29 AM