Dieffenbachia spp.
Common name(S) Dumbcane.
Toxin(s) Calcium oxalate crystals, which the plant, using special contractile cells, actually propels into the tissue of the patient. Recently, research has disclosed that proteolytic enzymes are also contained by these plants. Such enzymes trigger the release of histamines and kinins in the body and contribute to clinical signs.
Toxic part(s) Entire plant.
Signs Immediate pain in the mouth on chewing the plant. The animal may recoil from the plant, begin to salivate heavily, and shake its head vigorously. A change of voice may be noted by owners. The tissues of the mouth and throat will swell, rarely causing obstruction of the airway. Dyspnea or painful respirations may be noted. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may be seen. Discussion of rare cardiac dysrhythmias, mydriasis, coma, and death resulting from ingestion of durnbcanes (and other members of the family Araceae) are found in the literature.
Treatment Symptomatic and supportive. Rinse the mouth with water or milk. The calcium in the milk may precipitate soluble oxalates. Antihistamines may be useful. Fluids and electrolytes may be necessary in patients who have severe fluid losses or hypotension.