QUOTE(Iki @ Oct 5 2007, 05:43 AM) [snapback]3249040[/snapback]
Sorry I dont understand if you agree with me or not here. From what I understand, it seems that you agree that "good" doesnt have to come from religion. On the other hand you claim that without God, humans will have no morals. But morals/values are all considered "good" in our society. The kind of good where it becomes subjective. For example, "Respecting your elders", thats the kind moral where it can come from anywhere. It can come from people who believe in god and people who DONT believe in god. Just like Pagans and Buddhists. Morals are just sets of philosophies. And philosophies doesnt have to come from the teachings of god.
The argument from morality has been supported by such great names as
Immanuel Kant,
C.S. Lewis and more recently
William Lane Craig. It has enjoyed a lot of change over the centuries, but now philosophers have managed to distil it down to one simple argument:
1. Objective moral values exist
2. Objective moral values require the existence of a god
3. Therefore, a God exists
First, it is important to know what I mean by
’Objectivism’. Essentially there are two views in ethics:
morality is either ’Objective’ or ’Relative’.
’Objectivism’ is the idea that right and wrong are true whether we believe them to be or not.
They aren’t dependent upon us or any changeable thing. For instance, if we take objectivism, ’Torturing babies just for fun is wrong’ is objectively true whether we believe it to be or not. Even if everyone was brainwashed into thinking it is morally right, torturing babies just for fun would still be plain wrong.
’Relativism’ on the other hand, is the complete rejection of objectivism. At its core is the idea that all moral statements are grounded purely
in the whim and individual taste of each person or culture.
But does
relativism work? Hypothetically, one culture may think that torturing babies just for fun is right, and another that it is wrong. Under relativism, both views are equally valid, and equally true or false. If one society changed their behaviour, they could not have progressed morally because there is no unchangeable measure by which to test their values. They have simply altered their moral outlook, and nothing more. There is no value-added because there is no value. We cannot tell a baby-torturer that what they do is wrong, and they should stop. Their torturing is just as morally acceptable as our non-torturing. There is no logical reason why they should change.
Although many people like Relativism at first, as soon as we go beyond face-value, drastic and terrifying problems emerge. Baby torturers become as saintly as child-carers, Hitler becomes as morally acceptable as Mother Teresa, and
Relativism becomes ridiculous.
But, we can go on from here, it seems that relativists render themselves incapable of holding moral discussions. For, what does a conversation on morality consist of? It is simply examining and evaluating different ethical theories, or options in a moral dilemma. But when all is equal, equally right and wrong, there is nothing to discuss. We cannot weigh up the advantages and disadvantages, because there are none. Moral discussions come to a halt. We cannot even talk to the baby-torturer about their ethical choices!
Further, some have cast doubt over whether one is able to argue for relativism. Surely within any argument, there is a moral “ought” implied. And that is this; “you ought to believe a logical argument with valid truth claims”. This, itself is an objective ought, as it is imposing a morality, a code of conduct, on others, the supporter assumes it applies to all. So, in trying to convince us of relativism they seem to be forced into implicitly accepting objectivism. In practice, their stance is self-defeating.
On this evidence, it seems relativism is wrong, so it would make sense to accept objective morality as actually being the case.
As our first sentence,
“Objective moral values exist” is true, we can move onto the second step in our argument;
“objective moral values require a God”. It needs to be said, this is not the full God of the Christian faith, but simply a personal being, whose very unchangeable essence is
“good”.
Now, objective moral values exist, and by their definition are unchangeable. So we know there is a changeless essence out there that is the “good”.
But aren’t we also obligated to it? We feel guilt when we go against the “good”; if we steal something from a shop, or lie for no good reason. And guilt is only felt when some obligation or duty is broken. So we do, it seems, have a duty to the “good”.
A duty, then, is defined as being held to account for our actions. But surely only a personal being can do that. For instance, I cannot have a duty to, say, a rock, but I can to a human being.
Hence, it would make sense to say that this objective “good” is not only unchangeable, but that he is also personal, because we are obligated to him. This, I believe to be a suitable candidate for the label that is
“god”.
We have established a choice; on an over-all level morality is either
relative or objective. We have to make a decision, but
relativism leads to infinite practical problems to the point that it is unworkable. So we chose the view that does appear to work –
objectivism.
But we also have a duty to this objective “good”. When we go against it, we feel guilt, which we can only have towards a personal being. So, the “good” is alive, and interactive. We have a personal duty to an objective “good” being, so, it seems that he is deserving of the name
“god”.
Thus, we can conclude, on the evidence that
“a god exists”. Without God, there would be
no "good", no "right" and "wrong". The two are inseparably linked. So, with no God in the picture, what kind of a world would ours be?
QUOTE(Iki @ Oct 5 2007, 05:43 AM) [snapback]3249040[/snapback]
I believe that humans are not different with animals. The only thing that we have one up over them is our intelligence, but that doesnt make us different. A dog is much more smarter than pig, a dog can feel emotion and it can be trained to do things easier than a pig(assuming we find the smartest pig out there). Does that mean the dog is different than a pig?. I dont believe so. Thats why we cant divide animals with humans because we humans ARE animals, we are just more intelligent. If intelligence should be the reason for division, then there would be no reason why we shouldnt divide humans with different human intellects.
I wrote a more detailed difference between humans and animals
in this thread.