This dude is Horchin. I believe they were one of the first Mongol tribes to defect to the Manchu and were perhaps the most loyal Mongols to the Qing Empire.


http://www.smhric.org/Hada/Hada_1.htm


Hada (The Mongols in Inner Mongolia use only one name. They are not allowed to use last name) was born in Horchin Right Wing Front Banner of Inner Mongolia in 1955. He got his first degree from the department of Mongolian language and Literature at the Inner Mongolian Teacher's College for Nationalities in 1983. After graduation, he worked as an editor at the Inner Mongolian People's Publishing House for three years. Then he became a graduate student in the department of politics, Inner Mongolian Teacher's University in 1986 and in 1989, he graduated with a master's degree in philosophy.

In October 1989 he opened the Mongolian Academic Bookstore in Hohhot, the capital city of Inner Mongolia.

Since the 1980's he had been an active member of the underground organizations of the Mongols of Inner Mongolia. The goals of those organizations were to preserve and protect the religious and cultural heritage of the Mongols, as well as to fight for the social and political rights of the Mongols, which are guaranteed by the constitution of the People’s Republic of China but never have materialized.

In May 1992, Mr. Hada and other Mongol students and intellectuals established the Southern Mongolian Democracy Alliance (SMDA) and Mr. Hada became the chairman.

He and the SMDA published an underground journal---The Voice of the Southern Mongolia and he also finished a book---The Way Out for the Southern Mongols. In his book, he stated the true facts of what the Chinese Communist government has done to the Mongols of Inner Mongolia, including the following:

• Mass killings of the Mongols in Inner Mongolia through waves of political campaigns;
• Deprivation of the social and political rights through communist totalitarian regime;
• Total destruction to the Mongol religious system, culture and traditional customs;
• Gross violation to the fundamental rights of the Mongols;
• Mass immigration of the Chinese into Inner Mongolia;
• Irreversible destruction of the environment;
• Birth-control policies toward the Mongol;

He pointed out in his book that the only way out for the Southern (Inner) Mongols is to stand up and fight for their legitimate rights given by the constitution of the People’s Republic of China.

In 1995, he and the SMDA organized several peaceful demonstrations in the capital city of Inner Mongolia to demand the Chinese government to materialize the rights of the Mongols written in the constitution of the P.R.China as well as in the self-government Constitution of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region.

After organizing a demonstration and school strike among the teachers and students in the universities and colleges of Hohhot in Dec. 1995, Mr. Hada and other dozens of Mongols, including his wife Xinna and his brother Has, were arrested by the authorities. On Dec. 6, 1996, after a year of detention without trial, he was charged with the crimes of separatism and espionage for Mongolia and sentenced to 15 years in jail. His appeal was rejected a month later and currently, he is imprisoned in the 4-th prison of Inner Mongolia, in city of Chi Feng (Ulaan-Hada).

He has serious health problems, such as stomach ulcer, coronary heart disease and rheumarthritis. Despite the Hada family's continuous demand to give him appropriate medical treatment, his illness remains untreated and his health is deteriorating.

Hada's wife and brother were also arrested with Mr. Hada in 1995 and spent 3 months in prison without charges. During the time, their 4 years old son was left home alone. Hada's bookstore was closed down immediately after his arrest and all the books, research papers and other properties were confiscated as criminal utilities and evidence. A cordless phone was also confiscated because Xinna used it to give interview with the Voice of America. Xinna has been under close surveillance and often questioned by officers from the Bureau of Public Security and the Bureau of National Security. She and her son were detained for 4 days during the celebration of 50th anniversary of establishment of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region in July 1997. The authorities ignored Xinna’s numerous requests to re-open the bookstore to support the family. The authorities don’t allow her to take any jobs and the family’s living condition has been extremely difficult.

I rather only read half this time of the morning... too depressing

That is not really important nowadays.
Horchin or some clans joined Manchus due to geographical location, marriage alliance and cruel rule of Ligden Khan of Tsahar Mongols last of major khans.
Mongol history is full of such events.
Eradication of Zhungars by Mongol Manchu forces allied with defected Oirats were most tragic of all

you are right. Just read it in one overwhelming happy day. so it balance your mental state. Is KangorooLand suitable for mongols?

Very suitable, and cultural adaptation isn't too difficult - very multi-cultural here. Only problem is you'll need to get used to a total change in temperature.

So hell, what you wanting for?! heh
Besides, the more mongols we have here - if we become at least a significant minority, we can show these aussies REAL sport by introducing to them Naadam

Revenge is a dish best served cold.

Haha...because Zhungars were retarded. they didn't know Qing dynasty was the bad @$$ dude on the block. By invading Tibet, a Qing protectorial, Zhungars was basically declaring wars on Manchus. Moreover, Emperor Kang Xi was a well known unionist. How could he tolerate Zhungars' provocation? Three major contribution of Emperor Kang Xi was destroying Zhungars, beating the Russians, and recovering of Taiwan. So Zhungars got annihilated was not that strange after all.

Your comment is not applicable, because the PRC is guilty of killing and violating the human rights of substantially more ethnic Chinese than Mongolians during this era. So, the dish was not served cold under these circumstances.

Civil warfare destroyed Dzungar unity and power. Emperor Kang Xi just took advantage of the chaos and killed a substantial percentage of the Dzungar population. But we're still here and the Manchus are not. So, I guess revenge is a dish best served cold.

That's your opinion. I happen to disagree. I find it interesting that the Horchin, perhaps the best educated Mongol tribe and the most integrated in Chinese-Manchu society, may have retained their Mongolness, even though they probably lost their language more than 100 years ago. That tells me there's hope for the other Mongol tribes.

Btw, a lot of those Inner Mongolian web sites that the PRC closed down were operated by young, college educated members of the Horchin tribe.

Why do people assume that the Manchus are extinct? Last I checked there were over 10 million of them still around. Also what you said about Kangxi can apply to any military leader. Usually military leaders tend to exploit their enemies in times of civil war.

The Manchus fully and completely absorbed the Chinese culture and language by choice. So, for all intents and purposes, they are now Chinese and gladly accept such identity. As for Kangxi, I don't have any quarrels with your statement.

Kang Xi was a Mongol to some extent. His grandmother and mother came from Mongolian noble family( Borjijite). So far as I know, Kang Xi just defeated Zungar tribe but never extinguished it. His Grandson" Qian Long "emperor made that fu-king genocide 70 years after.

Funny thing because most Chinese consider Kangxi and Qianlong to be two of the greatest emperors in Chinese history. Well Kangxi for sure. We will forever thank them for expanding our empire and finally exterminating problems on our Central Asian borders. Unfortunately they were unable to help us against the Westerners

The Uighurs and the Tibetans will tell you otherwise.