Your studies are miguided, and the people who wrote the guides you refered to must have been watching too many films..
The history of this is:
Vietnam invaded Cambodia 1979 in response to attacks by the Khmer Rouge forces into Vietnam.
The Khmer Rouge though itself so great, it could claim territory once held by the ancient khmer civilisation.
Vietnam liberated Cambodia from the Khmer Rouge, and ended the famine and genocidal regime.
Note that the rest of the world left Cambodia to die. The US refused to accept that genocide was taking place.
Vietnam would have allowed food to Cambodia - The UN vetoed food AID to Cambodia, thanks to the US and China.
The United States and the Chinese supported the Khmer Rouge from 1980, and
fed weapons and land mines to Khmer Rouge forces, which kept a civil war raging from 1979 to 1998.
Reagan and Thatcher sent special forces to train the Khmer Rouge, and the Thai military
gave them a phone network, and bases on the Thai border - in exchange for emeralds.
Singapore's prime minister Lee Kwan Yew told the world, khmer rouge genocide was simply 'bad press'
as his ports transhipped weapons to make sure Cambodia is full of land mines to this day.
If you go back further to Vietnam war days, North Vietnam used allies in Cambodia and Laos to attack
America in Vietnam. In return, America dropped more bombs on Cambodia than were dropped throughout the whole of World War II. America killed 600,000 Cambodians, mostly in the countryside. Turning the villagers
into haters of American back Lon Nol Phnom Penh, and joiners to the Khmer Rouge.
On Pol Pot - he was a middle classed intellectual, who worked in Paris, and learned his Communism there.
He went on to take Maoist idealism as his basis - agrigultural planning. Year zero. He never befriended the Soviets, or the Vietnamese. The communist forces of Cambodia that supported the Vietnamese during the Vietnam war were pre Khmer Rouge, and were taken over by the Khmer Rouge when it took power over communist forces in Vietnam post 1975.
The Rouge purged these forces to kill 'soft' elements and threats.
Just as women, children, intellectuals, and anyone who the regime saw as threat, were sent to Tuol Seng to be tortured, confess, and name 50 people who aided and abetted treason to the regime, before being killed and buried at Chong song ek. Just as those 50 people were taken to Tuol Seng to name 50 more people each, and so it went on..
1. Should Vietnam apologise to Cambodia for invading it in self defence? No.
2. Should the Khmer Rouge apologise for taking over the country, turning it into a failed agrigultural state that sold rice to China in exchange for weapons while people were starving or being murdered. That's a better question.
Will the Rouge ever be taken to justice in Cambodia?
3. Should Vietnam apologise for staying in Cambodia until 1989, propping up pro Vietnam government, and fighting the US/China backed Khmer Rouge in civil war until 1999, NO. Would you prefer Pol Pot to still be there, with his 'clear conscience' about all the murder the regime did.
4. Should Vietnam apolgise for taking Cambodia resources illegally. Sure it should. But then, so should British and American oil companies who currently plunder Iraq FOR FREE. Is it any coincidence that peace and stability have been messed up by rubbish management and foreign policy all this time, so that US and UK forces can sit there and get killed and injured, whilst Exxon and BP profit. The Coalition forces became the toilet paper of the oil industry which sickens me.
5. Should Vietnam apolgise for using Laos and Cambodia to fight America. Yes. Just as America should apologies to the Thai, Philipinos, Koreans, Australians and everyone else they dragged in to fight the Vietnam war for them.
The Lao Hmong, who were left behind in Laos. The ARVNs they built up to be left behind in South Vietnam.
Should communist leaders apologise for uniting Vietnam under their rule, against the will of many people.
Maybe.. but the leaders who set that up died decades ago.
5. Will America admit to its part in supporting the Khmer Rouge, bombing Laos and Cambodia, and vetoing food to a starving nation - the only time a starving nation has had UN Food Aid vetoed! I doubt it.
6. Will China apologise to the world for supporting the Khmer Rouge, invading Vietnam to 'teach it a lesson' (and getting beaten back!), invading Tibet and Kashgar because 2000 years ago it may have been part of an empire, human rights violations to its own people - particularly Tianemen Square 1989.. Will they be brought to account for sending millions of tons of weapons to wars in Africa, feeding the Sudanese forces and rebels who murder in Darfur, and murdered in Zaire, Congo, Sierra Leone - and soon in Zimbabwe. I very much doubt it. Chinese leaders are unable to accept self criticism, or apologise for anything they do to anyone.
To the author of this read, you need to read books and articles by Nayan Chanda of the Far East Economic Review. He was in both Vietnam and Cambodia over this period in History, and charted it all, in the most accute detail in a book called BROTHER ENEMY. Far more than any American university journal will give you.
As for China, read current affairs. Behind every murdering regime in the world, you wont find condemnation from China. You are more likely to find cheap weapons on their way to kill and mame.
Happy reading, and learning
When will Vietnam apologize to the Cambodians? I mean the Vietnamese government continuously requested an official apology from the Chinese government for its invasion of Vietnam before the normalization of relations between the two countries. What about the Vietnamese invasion and occupation of Cambodia and the Vietnamese illegal use of Cambodian territory to fight the Americans and the Vietnamese support of the Khmer Rouge takeover of Cambodia in 1975?
□ Vietnam illegally used Cambodia to fight the Americans.
□ Vietnam created the Khmer Rouge (In 1954, over one thousand Khmer Rouge members stayed in exile in North Vietnam), supported the Khmer Rouge, and helped the Khmer Rouge take over Cambodia in 1975. In 1965 Pol Pot made a visit of several months duration to North Vietnam.
□ Vietnam chose not to eliminate the fighting capability of the Khmer Rouge forces and even allowed a considerable number to retreat to their traditional strongholds in the Cardamom Mountains (mountain hideout).
□ Vietnamese foreign minister Nguyen Co Thach said that the goal of the Vietnamese forces was not to liberate the Cambodians from the Khmer Rouge regime but to stop the Chinese presence in Cambodia.
□ Vietnam used the Soviet help to invade Cambodia.
□Vietnam illegally occupied Cambodia for 10 long years.
□Vietnam invaded Cambodia only to expand its colonialism and to materialize the concept of the Indochina Union and to install a replacement regime in Cambodia and to assume control over Hun Sens government and the communist party.
□If Vietnams act was to liberate the Cambodians from the jaw of death, then why was Vietnam opposed by the United States, the free world faction, China, and ASEAN?
□Vietnam only withdrew from Cambodia after the collapse of its main backer which was the Soviet Union.
□Vietnam exploited Cambodias timber and fish resources worth hundreds of millions of dollars in eastern Cambodia and the great lake.
□Vietnam allowed illegal Vietnamese immigrants to settle in key economic areas in Cambodia.
□The Vietnamese communists reneged on the border agreements they had made with Cambodia in 1970.
□Vietnamese troops made Cambodias hunger problem worse, and more Cambodians died as a result of a famine across the whole country.
□ Vietnamese troops systematically pillaged Cambodian shops, homes, and Buddhist temples. They took back to Hanoi machines, household appliances, furniture, Buddha heads, and donated rice intended for Cambodian refugees.
□ Vietnamese troops outnumbered the Khmer Rouge 7 to 1, so how come the Khmer Rouge always managed to swoop down at night and attacked the defenseless Cambodian village inhabitants under the protection of the mighty Vietnamese?
□ Vietnam did not allowed the international large-scale relief efforts of food into Cambodia to help the starving Cambodians. One Western diplomat said, “The Vietnamese simply don't give a damn about what happens to the Cambodians."
□Vietnamese troops laid hundreds of thousands of landmines in Cambodia.
□Under the Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia, torture and arbitrary executions remained a feature of life for many Cambodians. The worst abuse of human rights was perpetrated by the colossal “K-5 Plan”, the intention of which was to seal the border to Thailand by a combination of deforestation, dykes, canals, strategic fences, and minefields. This ambition caused thousands of deaths: out of the labour force of some 120.000 used for the realization of this plan, over 50.000 died because of working in some of the worst terrain in Cambodia, containing not only dangerous minefields (laid by the Khmer Rouge), but also thick forests, full of malaria.
Reference Sources:
A Country Study: Cambodia
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/khtoc.htmlThe Great Powers and the Tragedy of Cambodia
http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people/Ch...handa-con3.htmlCambodia: A burden of the past
http://www.asiasociety.org/publications/cambodia/burden.htmlDeathwatch: Cambodia
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/...46349-8,00.htmlIndochina Database: Cambodia
http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_411.shtml[/quote]