source: http://europe.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/africa/08...reut/index.html Reuters, Aug. 1, 2002
Witchcraft convict had heart wrapped in cloth
LUSAKA, Zambia (Reuters) –A Zambian man has been jailed for witchcraft after a human heart was found in his possession, and police are investigating a possible murder, state radio and prosecutors said Thursday.
Moses Chisambo, 60, pleaded guilty to charges of witchcraft and possession of various items used in the trade, including a “witchcraft gun” — a gun-shaped piece of wood believed to be used by witches to kill people at night.
(…)
Witchcraft is a criminal offense in Zambia, an officially Christian country where black magic is widely practiced in deeply superstitious rural communities.
===========================================================================
http://www.occultforums.com/showthread.php...light=Castaneda
Carlos Castaneda
As far as his books went, Castaneda himself knew he could write what he wanted and didn't have to bother with
covering his tracks, since most who would read his books were not the types to question anything they read. As for
the academics like de Mille and others, well nobody really listens to what serious academic writers and
researchers have to say, so what difference does it make? The believers will go on believing no matter what. De
Mille predicted what would happen here, that he would be ignored by Carlos's fans and largely only academics would
take his work seriously and how right he proved to be. (source: http://www.occultforums.com/showthread.php...ight=Castaneda)
------------------------------------
Richard De Mille
[DeMille exposes what he calls "the greatest anthropological hoax since the Piltdown Man." While reading Castaneda's early books, I sometimes wondered why his Yaqui sorcerer sounded at times like a Taoist and at others like Martin Heidegger. Now I understand.]
---------------------------------
Psychic abilities?
For what Karlis Osis, a premier psychical researcher in the US had to say about Carlos
http://www.sustainedaction.org/Explo...c_research.htm
Castaneda and Psychic Research
Karlis Osis, research fellow at the American Society for Psychic Research in NY, wrote a letter to the editor published in the March 1978 issue of Psychology Today responding to a critical piece by Sam Keen that the magazine had published to accompany an excerpt from The Second Ring of Power.
Osis wrote, "A few years ago, a well-known psychologist asked for my cooperation in an experiment with Castaneda. Castaneda had agreed to send an ally to a place where scientific instruments would be rigged up to detect its presence. According to the psychologist, Castaneda said that such a visit would contaminate the place to such an extent that no human being could stay there afterward without great harm. He therefore suggested that we use a house that had been condemned for destruction. I courageously offered the laboratory of the American Society for Psychical Research--replete with such gadgetry as an eight-channel polygraph, a video system, a soundproof room--and assumed all responsibility for any ensuing danger. Neither Castaneda nor the ally ever showed up."
Osis further suggested, "I hope that Castaneda will live up to his calling as a powerful writer and avoid scheming up cheap miracles. The University of California might one day, I surmise, live up to its 'tonal' obligations and admit its mistake concerning Castaneda's Ph.D. in anthropology while, in deep reverence for the 'nagual,' granting him an honorary doctorate for his valuable service to American literature."
-----------
A thought provoking Documentry on CC
On a documentary film about Castaneda entitled Carlos Castaneda - Enigma of a Sorcerer that has recently been
released, and it features de Mille and Sanchez and Richard Jennings (creator of sustainedaction)
http://www.prweb.com/releases/2003/12/prweb93154.htm
-------------------
The acquaintance
Victor Sanchez legal battle
Victor Sanchez, a leading writer on Toltec shamanic lore, knowledge and practice is another who came to realise
that Castaneda's experiences were probably not genuine. He was even sued by Castaneda who revealed his darker side
in his insatiable pursuit and protection of material profit. The resulting court case gives the game away as far
as Carlos is concerned and only proves the truth of what de Mille had written years earlier.
...
Castaneda's trivial legal suit brought against Sanchez in pursuit of profit and Carlos's attempt to control and
monopolise all information relating to his writings on Yaqui shamanism was not only ridiculous, but baseless and
absurd. As if somehow Castaneda has a patent on ancient Native Indian shamanic practice! which he admits he did
not originate! Sanchez's book was not even critical of Castaneda! Castaneda even sued his ex-wife Margaret in his
attempt to quash all critics.
------------
Dr. Louis J. West
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html...mp;pagewanted=3
Few academics regard them as serious scholarship. Dr. Louis J. West, a psychology professor at the U.C.L.A., who knew Castaneda when he was completing his doctorate there, said the works were at least in part ''science fiction.'' But that does not take away from their virtues of conveying mysterious places and alternative realities, he said.
''Carlos wrote beguilingly and well, and told very colorful tales that hold the interest and give descriptions of people and places and activities that are illuminating,'' he said. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html...mp;pagewanted=1
------------------------------
Daniel Noel
What about Daniel Noel? Independently of de Mille he made a thorough intensive research into Castaneda's claims
and in his book which he edited Seeing Castaneda and later The Soul of Shamanism came to the same conclusion as de
Mille, that Carlos's claims were fiction. See here for an interview with Noel.
http://www.sustainedaction.org/Explo...aniel_noel.htm
------------------------------
The Anthropologists and Ethnologists
Jay Fikes (authority on Huichol culture)
What about Jay Fikes? Fikes is an anthropologist and expert on Huichol Indian shamanism who likewise debunks
Castaneda in his book "Carlos Castaneda-Academic Opportunism and The Psychedelic Sixties".
http://realitysandwich.com/node/418 ---Fikes
[In his 1993 book Carlos Castaneda, Academic Opportunism, and the Psychedelic Sixties, Fikes explains how the character of Don Juan was likely modeled on Ramon Medina Silva, the Huichol shaman popularized by the ethnographic studies of Peter Furst and Barbara Myerhoff. These anthropologists were UCLA graduates and peers of Castaneda, and there is convincing evidence that Ramon and Carlos had actually met prior to the publication of The Teachings. ..]
[...Fikes also disputes the veracity of Furst and Myerhoff’s ethnography, noting that the Huichol shamanic practices they detail are at odds with his own findings. In developing his account of Don Juan, suggests Fikes, Castaneda likely plagiarized from his classmates a distorted portrayal of Huichol culture in the character of Silva, and unscrupulously applied it to his fictional Yaqui sorcerer, thus perpetuating the misrepresentation of Native Americans across cultural boundaries. ]
Jane Holden Kelley (Authority on Yaqui culture)
http://realitysandwich.com/node/418 ---Jane Holden Keley
[Anthropologist Jane Holden Kelley reports the harassment of Pascuan Yaquis during the 1970s by “long-haired hippies” in search of Castaneda’s muse. Seizing an opporunity, the crafty villagers played along, divesting the deluded youths of money, booze, and cigarettes before they realized they had been duped.[11] ..]
[It was not the Yaquis, however, but the Huichols who bore the brunt of the hippie influx throughout the seventies. As Fikes explains, the Yaquis “offer relatively little to guru-seekers” since they do not use psychedelics and are somewhat “more acculturated” than the peyote-ingesting Huichols. He relates accounts of traditional Huichols “harassed, jailed, shot at, and almost murdered by guru-seekers” and offers an anecdote depicting the attempted stabbing of his Huichol “father” by a gringo peyote hunter. These incidents grew more infrequent with time, but the lasting impact of The Teachings on Native Americans, asserts Fikes, lies in the marketing of the Don Juan archetype. ]
William Curry Holden (authority on Yaquie culture)
Edward H. Spicer (authority on Yaqui culture)
http://realitysandwich.com/node/418 ---Spicer
[As Spicer and several others have argued, Don Juan’s psychedelic forays are “not consistent with our ethnographic knowledge of the Yaquis.” ]
[Spicer, speaking of Castaneda specifically, is even on record as saying "I know of no information or reference concerning Yaquis using Datura." Which, by the way, is most likely a fair and accurate assessment on Spicer's part. ..]
(soucre: http://www.angelfire.com/electronic/awaken...os_datura.html)
--------------------------
The Botanists
R. Gordon Wasson (authority on mycology)
http://realitysandwich.com/node/418 ---Gordon Wasson
Spicer is not the only Castaneda critic with relevant scientific experience. Revered ethno-mycologist and early psychedelics proponent Gordon Wasson read The Teachings soon after its publication and wasted little time composing a letter to Castaneda. Wasson’s questions, while politely worded, were directed to clear up what he felt to be anomalies in the mushroom rituals depicted in the book. The notoriously candid Castaneda responded with uncharacteristic eagerness, no doubt excited to correspond with the man whose seminal writings on hallucinogenic fungi were a formative influence for him. Yet his replies, as paraphrased in De Mille’s The Don Juan Papers, are curiously vague and evasive. Most interesting is his answer to Wasson’s inquiries about Don Juan’s ethnic origin; in response, Castaneda revises the rough biography offered in The Teachings, explaining that the sorcerer is “not a pure Yaqui” and therefore cannot be situated culturally, “except in a guessing manner.”[5]
[In 1955, Gordon Wasson and Allan Richardson, made history by becoming the first documented --- or at least widely publicized --- white men KNOWN to have participated officially in the nocturnal mushroom ceremony. Under the guidance of Maria Sabina, Wasson and Richardson each consumed six pairs of the mushroom Psilocybe caerulescens var. mazatecorum after which they began to feel the effects, manifesting visions of geometric patterns, palaces, and architectural vistas. The results of that experience was published in Life Magazine, May 13 1957, in an article titled "Seeking the Magic Mushroom." That article is considered the inspiration for Dr. Timothy Leary and others to try similar mushrooms and halucinogens. ]
(source: http://www.angelfire.com/realm/bodhisattva/maria.html )
Weston La Barre (authority on Native Peyote ceremonies. author of The Peyote Cult)
["....Weston La Barre, one of the foremost authorities on Native American peyote ceremonies. In his unpublished article, La Barre denounced Castaneda's writing as "pseudo-profound deeply vulgar pseudo-ethnography." ]
source: http://www.salon.com/books/feature/2007/04...eda/index1.html
------------------------------
The Reporter
Sandra Burton (TIME magazine. March 1973 issue)
------------------------------
The Lover
Inner Circle member
Amy Wallace (former lover of CC)
What about Amy Wallace aka Ellis Laura Finnegan, Carlos's lover in the years up to his death who likewise came to
the conclusion that Carlos had invented Don Juan?
For a review of her book on Carlos: http://peyote.com/carlos-castaneda/
And here for numerous links relating to Amy Wallace and her recounting of Carlos:
http://www.sustainedaction.org/Walla...llace_Book.htm
http://www.amazon.com/Sorcerers-Apprentice...a/dp/1583940766
â€Ĺ“Truth hurts … and so does Sorcerer’s Apprentice. Amy Wallace’s harrowing account of her years as Carlos Castaneda’s lover and disciple is a cautionary tale for our times, the story of a woman whose search for meaning took her to the brink, and damned near cost her everything. In this painfully honest memoir, she takes us deep inside the Castaneda cult and shows us the mind games, ego trips, and petty cruelties that wore the guise of wisdom. ‘Pay no attention to the man behind the curtain!’ the Wizard once tried to tell Dorothy. Amy Wallace has ripped the curtain down, and laid the wizard bare for all to see.”
â€â€ťGeorge R.R. Martin, author of A Game of Thrones
------------------------------
The "Witches"
Inner Circle Members
See links below for a very interesting interview with Wallace (daughter of the writer Irving Wallace), who perhaps
knew better than anybody else about Carlos's inner circle in his twilight years. Says she reckons that 4 witches
of his inner circle all may have committed suicide upon Carlos's death! There is fascinating stuff about Carlos
here from his last girlfriend, that nobody else outside of Carlos's inner circle could have known.
http://www.magicalblend.com/library/...myWallace.html
http://www.magicalblend.com/library/...yWallace2.html
Also here is an interesting link re Florinda Donner and Carol Tiggs, related by Wallace (who knew Florinda well)
in her book.
http://www.sustainedaction.org/Walla...Apprentice.htm
Also other exerpts from her book
http://www.sustainedaction.org/Walla...Apprentice.htm
and here
http://www.sustainedaction.org/Walla...Apprentice.htm
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The ExWife
Also the fact that Carlos as a person especially in his later years was a vindictive and ruthless and greedy
individual who instigated trivial and ridiculous legal proceedings against a scholar who paid tribute to
Castaneda's early work and Carlos even sued his own ex-wife! should force one, however reluctantly, to ask hard
questions about Carlos. Namely can he be trusted in other respects such as his shamanic initiations, his very
writings?
Here for a review of a book written by Castaneda's ex-wife Margaret
http://www.sustainedaction.org/Explo...bookreview.htm
The date given at the url above for Margaret's book is wrong btw, it should be 1997, not 1977. Carlos launched a
lawsuit against her over the publication of this book.
Here is a short article written by de Mille http://www.clarku.edu/~piltdown/map_...njuanforg.html
-----------------------------------------------------
The occult author Colin Wilson
Colin Wilson, a very prominent writer on the paranormal had this to say: from
http://www.stormloader.com/users/abrax7/donjuan.htm
Note the above link is probably one of the best (if not the best) overviews of Castaneda from a sceptical angle
available on the web. Includes many details of de Mille's and other academics' exposures.
-------------------------------------------------------
Corey Donovan and Richard Jennings
I suggest to those seriously interested in the whole Castaneda controversy, to check out the whole sustainedaction
website. The links I have put up are just the tip of the iceberg. It is important to note that sustainedaction was
started by people who attended the Tensegrity workshops, as Castaneda devotees and came to know Castaneda
personally (such as Corey Donovan and Richard Jennings). Only later did they become disillusioned and dismissive
of Carlos's claims, coming to the conclusion that they had been conned.
------------------------
NLP -How to live in a fantasy world and be addicted to it.
----------------------------
Chaos Magick
-The Necronomicon
-The Philip Experiment
-Lobsang Rampa
Lama Lobsang Rampa hoax
http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Hoaxipedia/The_Third_Eye/
---------------------------------------
Smear Campaign?
Castaneda archive? He has written very little in terms of research material. As for his "lifetime field work" where are his field notes? What reputed anthropologist supports his findings? And numerous other anomales.
I rather find it difficult for insiders to actual profit from a "smeer" campaign about CC. Infact the whole act of exposing CC's work would go agaisnt their own interests. If someone is exposed as a fraud how does that profit anyone????? Very few book publishers would even touch it. There would be no profit (or at least very little) made. It doesnt make a whole lot of sense.
---------------------------------
Sources for CC's Shamanic states
In the The Power and the Allegory, De Mille compared The Teachings of Don Juan: A Yaqui way of Knowledge with Castenada's library stack requests at the University of California. The stack requests documented that he was sitting in the library when his journal said he was squatting in don Juan's hut. One of the most memorable discoveries the De Mille made in his examination of the stack requests was that when Castaneda said he was participating in the traditional peyote ceremony -- the least fantastic episode of drug use -- he was not only sitting in the library, but he was reading someone else's description of their experience of the peyote ceremony.
(source: wikipedia)
[..Castaneda's only real knowledge of Peyote was from having read The Peyote Cult (1938) by Weston La Barre. It was only AFTER Castaneda met Don Juan and went back to UCLA for the fall semester did he begin researching Peyote in earnest. As stated in the quote at the top of the page Castaneda then prepared himself for SIX MONTHS, becoming acquainted with every work regarding Peyote he could find. It was only at the completion of that research that he went back to Arizona looking for Don Juan --- not catching up with him for the first time following their bus station encounter until December 17, 1960. ]
(source: http://www.angelfire.com/electronic/awaken...os_datura.html)
[In 1955, Gordon Wasson and Allan Richardson, made history by becoming the first documented --- or at least widely publicized --- white men KNOWN to have participated officially in the nocturnal mushroom ceremony. Under the guidance of Maria Sabina, Wasson and Richardson each consumed six pairs of the mushroom Psilocybe caerulescens var. mazatecorum after which they began to feel the effects, manifesting visions of geometric patterns, palaces, and architectural vistas. The results of that experience was published in Life Magazine, May 13 1957, in an article titled "Seeking the Magic Mushroom." That article is considered the inspiration for Dr. Timothy Leary and others to try similar mushrooms and halucinogens. ]
(source: http://www.angelfire.com/realm/bodhisattva/maria.html )
[SALVADOR LOPEZ He was renowned as an expert on medicinal plants, a bird singer and doing feats with fire as well as being a Bear Shaman. Lopez is considered by some to be at least one of the sources of information Carlos Castaneda used regarding Sacred Datura and other hallucinogenics presented in his first two books.
True, the possibility does exists that Lopez could have contributed in some fashion as an informant of Castaneda's, but it is questionable. It becomes an even more remote possibility if Lopez is thrust into the role of the primary source of information, especially considering the fund of of knowledge Castaneda presented in his first two books. Lopez was known for being quite stoic and non-communicative even among his own band, so it would be highly unlikely .
that he would depart very much in the way ancient and guarded tribal secrets to a total stranger or outsider, most particularly so in the short space of time Castaneda had with him.]
(source: http://www.angelfire.com/realm/bodhisattva/lopez.html)
---------------------
Plagiarism
Sources of Don Juan occult teachings
"De Mille also uncovered numerous instances of plagiarism. "When don Juan opens his mouth," he wrote, "the words of particular writers come out." His 1980 compilation, "The Don Juan Papers," includes a 47-page glossary of quotations from Don Juan and their sources, ranging from Wittgenstein and C.S. Lewis to papers in obscure anthropology journals.
In one example, de Mille first quotes a passage by a mystic, Yogi Ramacharaka: "The Human Aura is seen by the psychic observer as a luminous cloud, egg-shaped, streaked by fine lines like stiff bristles standing out in all directions." In "A Separate Reality," a "man looks like a human egg of circulating fibers. And his arms and legs are like luminous bristles bursting out in all directions." The accumulation of such instances leads de Mille to conclude that "Carlos's adventures originated not in the Sonoran desert but in the library at UCLA." De Mille convinced many previously sympathetic readers that Don Juan did not exist. Perhaps the most glaring evidence was that the Yaqui don't use peyote, and Don Juan was supposedly a Yaqui shaman teaching a "Yaqui way of knowledge." Even the New York Times came around, declaring that de Mille's research "should satisfy anyone still in doubt. " ...
"[Among anthropologists, there's no longer a debate. Professor William W. Kelly, chairman of Yale's anthropology department, told me, "I doubt you'll find an anthropologist of my generation who regards Castaneda as anything but a clever con man. It was a hoax, and surely Don Juan never existed as anything like the figure of his books. Perhaps to many it is an amusing footnote to the gullibility of naive scholars, although to me it remains a disturbing and unforgivable breach of ethics." ]"
http://www.tvo.org/discussion/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?p=18421
[As for any Castaneda TB, what should happen is... knowing Castaneda took a lot of his major concepts directly from a book Govinda wrote in 1960, right down to the exact words and phrases... if nothing else should make it clear that Castaneda did not get those ideas from "don Juan" or "Toltecs", and that therefore most of what Castaneda wrote had no resemblance to the reality of his life. It should make it much clearer that Castaneda was really - among other things - a huge plagiarist, and therefore god only knows what his real story was.]
http://sustainedreaction.yuku.com/reply/126003#reply-126003
[[[[[The alleglossary presents the following quote as the source for Castaneda’s accounts of encountering an ally; however, an ally in Castaneda’s books has nothing to do with corpses.
The celebrant is shut up alone with a corpse in a dark room. To animate the body, he lies on it, mouth to mouth … holding it in his arms … After a certain time the corpse begins to move. It stands up and tries to escape; the sorcerer, firmly clinging to it, prevents it from freeing itself. Now the body struggles more fiercely. It leaps and bounds to extraordinary heights, dragging with it the man who must hold on … At last the tongue of the corpse protrudes from its mouth. The critical moment has arrived. The sorcerer seizes the tongue with his teeth and bites it off. The corpse at once collapses. Failure in controlling the body after having awakened it means certain death for the sorcerer. The tongue carefully dried becomes a powerful magic weapon which is treasured by the triumphant ngagspa [priest]. The Tibetan … needed all his strength to hold it … If he failed to conquer it the horrible being would kill him. (David-Neel, 1932, p. 135)
DeMille claims Castaneda derived the following three passages from the above account:
When a man is facing the ally (he) must wrestle the spirit to the ground and keep it there until it gives him power. (Castaneda, 1972, pp. 282-283)
After I grabbed it … the ally made me twirl, but I didn’t let go. We spun through the air … Suddenly I felt that I was standing on the ground again … The ally had not killed me … I had succeeded … I jumped up and down with delight. (Castaneda, 1972, p. 306)
The jolt that one gets from grabbing a ally is so great that one might bite off one’s tongue. (Castaneda, 1972, p. 305)]
http://www.artforthemasses.us/castacon/vie...ed7c6c54be5d938]]]]
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++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Carlos Castaneda
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[So, why did the anthro dept. at UCLA award a doctorate for writing a novel? The answer is that by the time Castaneda was finally awarded his Ph.D., he had already written three best-selling books. The first of these was originally published by the UC Press. The UC made a lot of money from The Teachings of Don Juan: a Yaqui Way of Knowledge, and wasn't about to disavow it, even if they knew full well that it had nothing to do with Yaquis or any Native American group. By the time Castaneda submitted Ixtlan as his dissertation, it was too lateto turn back: the UC would have had egg all over its face. Moreover, denying its most famous Hispanic graduate stedent a Ph. D. would have been big news and would not have been popular with the public. Giving him the piece of paper was of little consequence, since no one would ever let him do a post doc or teach--they gave it to him to be rid of him. Basically. the decision was academic politics at its worst.]
http://sustainedreaction.yuku.com/reply/122915#reply-122915
-----
[I don't know of any official retraction by the anthro dept or UCLA, but individual faculty have expressed regrets--in fact Yaqui specialist Ralph L. Beals made a public apology at an AAA conferance in 1978:
Some of my colleagues were naive in failing to insist on seeing his basic data before giving him a Ph.D...There was a mistake in my department. I'm sorry about it, and I'm apologizing for it. --Prof. Ralph L. Beals, quoted in Richard de Mille, The Don Juan Papers, p. 123
And when Castaneda's disciple Florinda--also an anthropology graduate student at UCLA--was accused of plagiarism in 1985, the anthro dept. blasted her with both barrels. Her faculty supervisors unanimously washed their hands of her in a public statement that is a model of icy cold academic understatement, the meaning of which is entirely clear to anyone in academe. Being disowned by your own supervision committee is the worst possible thing that can happen to a Ph. D. student. Florinda would never get her Ph.D. and would never get into any other academic program.
In her popular book, Shabono (NYC: Dell. 1982), Florinda claimed to have had various adventures among the Yanomama Indians of Venesula. Trouble was, a Brazilian woman named Helana Velero had had had these same adventures and published a book about them in 1965 (Yanoama: The Narrative of a White Girl Kidnapped by Amazonan indians, first published in Italian). Anthropologist Rebecca B. DeHolmes cited chapter and verse in an article in the Sept. 1985 issue of American Anthropologist: "Frankly, I find it hard to believe that Donner spent any length of time with the Yanomamo...[Florinda's ethnographic data were] rather expertly borrowed from other sources and assembled in a kind of melange of fact and fantasy for which Castaneda is so famous" (p. 665). Not a single scholar defended Florinda.]
http://sustainedreaction.yuku.com/reply/122915#reply-122915
----
de mile critique documents
http://www.artforthemasses.us/castacon/vie...ed7c6c54be5d938
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My Essay on CC
(Note I was once a believer of Carlos Castenda but no longer.
In terms of anthropology I question his work. Theres too many "coincidences" and anomalies that simply cant be ignored. In terms of fictional literature I can give him merit for that. In terms of creative psionic ideals his work can be useful especially with chaos magick in mind.)
A number of academics have been highly suspect of Carlos Castenda's (CC) work.
Richard De Mille, Robert J. Wallis, Daniel Noel, Sandra Burton (Time Life), Amy Wallace, William Holden Curry, Jane Holden Cury Holden, Edward Spicer (one time supporter of CC), Gordon Wasson .......
In the "The Power and the Allegory", De Mille compared "The teachings of Don Juan: A Yacqui way of Knowledge" with Castenada's library stack requests. The stack requests documented that he was sitting in the library when his journal said he was squatting in Don Juan's hut. One of the most memorable discoveries the De Mille made in his examination of the stack requests was that when Castaneda said he was participating in the traditional peyote ceremony -- the least fantastic episode of drug use -- he was not only sitting in the library, but he was reading someone else's description of their experience of the peyote ceremony.
William Curry Holden, Jane Holden Kelley, Edward Spicer are/were the world's leading authorities on the Yaqui. They all disputed Castenda's claims. Edward Spicer originally supported Castenada's work but later questioned his work as well.