QUOTE
this can be as far back as five, six, or up to eight generations ago. Unlike in Malaysia and Indonesia where intermarriage is uncommon and people can generally be classified ethnically just by physical appearance, the Philippine definition of who is Chinese Filipino and who is Chinese mestizo can be based on one's language usage and cultural values. A full-blooded Chinese who can no longer speak Chinese and no longer practice Chinese culture or beliefs is more often than not identified as a Chinese mestizo. By the same token, a Chinese mestizo who still speaks fluent Chinese and practices Chinese culture might be reintegrated into the Chinese-Filipino culture. As "mestizo" often evokes a person of higher social strata, there is also a tendency to not identify those in the lower class as "mestizo" even if they are in fact of mixed descent.
The Chinese in the Philippines cannot be simplistically classified. But generally, some observers claim they can be classified into three types, based on when their ancestors first arrived. Most of the Chinese mestizos, especially the landed gentry trace their ancestry to the Spanish era. They are the "First Chinese" or Sangley whose descendants nowadays are mostly either the Chinese mestizos or have integrated into the indigenous population. The largest group of Chinese Filipinos in the Philippines are the "Second Chinese," who are descendants of migrants in the first half of the 20th century, between the anti-Manchu Xinhai Revolution in China and the Chinese Civil War. This group accounts for most of the "full-blooded" Chinese. The "Third Chinese" are the recent immigrants from mainland China, after the Chinese economic reform of the 1980s. Generally, the "Third Chinese" are the most entrepreneurial and have not totally lost their Chinese identity in its purest form and therefore are paradoxically misunderstood or feared by the "Second Chinese". Because the "Third Chinese" are recent arrivals from mainland China where Mao's Cultural Revolution suppressed traditional Chinese culture, the "Second Chinese" view them with disdain for their uncouth manners and ignorant ways of traditional Chinese culture which was kept alive by the "Second Chinese" for nearly four generations in the Philippines.[31] On the other hand, the "First Chinese" or Sangley had largely intermarried and assimilated into a Hispanized Catholic culture since the 17th century. After the end of Spanish rule, their descendants, the Chinese mestizos, managed to invent a cosmopolitan mestizo culture coupled with an extravagant Mestizo de Sangley lifestyle.[32]
As of the present day, due to the effects of globalization in the Philippines, there has been a marked tendency to acculturate to North American lifestyles. This is especially true for younger Chinese Filipinos living in wealthy suburbs like Greenhills, San Juan, Metro Manila[33] who are gradually shifting to English as their preferred language, thus identifying more with North American culture. Some Chinese mestizos tend also to reintegrate into Chinese societies by attending Chinese schools, learning to speak Chinese and adopting Chinese customs. Although at a slower pace than Thailand[34], assimilation is gradually taking place in the Philippines but integration without losing Chinese culture is advantageous for the Philippines and for the Chinese Filipino business community.
With the onset of globalization since the 1990s, increasing numbers of well-to-do Chinese Filipino families are acquiring North American passports and sending their children abroad to attend prestigious North America Universities.[35] Many are opting to remain after graduation to start professional careers in North America. Philippine-educated Chinese Filipinos from middle-class families are also migrating en masse to North America and Australasia. Those who have family businesses regularly commute between North America and the Philippines. In this way, they follow the well-known pattern of other Chinese immigrants to North America who lead "astronaut" lifestyles: family in North America, business in Asia.[36] Furthermore, many Chinese-Filipino entrepreneurs and professionals have flocked to their ancestral homeland to partake of business and employment opportunities opened up by China's emergence as a global economic superpower.[37] It is unclear how globalization would affect the integration options for Chinese Filipinos. If they remain in the Philippines, many would likely intermarry and assimilate into the indigenous population following the historical pattern of earlier generations of Chinese immigrants. If they migrate to North America or Australasia, they would be joining rapidly growing Asian communities in the multicultural cities of San Francisco[38], Silicon Valley[39], Los Angeles[40], Vancouver[41] , Toronto[42], Sydney[43], Melbourne[44], etc
The Chinese in the Philippines cannot be simplistically classified. But generally, some observers claim they can be classified into three types, based on when their ancestors first arrived. Most of the Chinese mestizos, especially the landed gentry trace their ancestry to the Spanish era. They are the "First Chinese" or Sangley whose descendants nowadays are mostly either the Chinese mestizos or have integrated into the indigenous population. The largest group of Chinese Filipinos in the Philippines are the "Second Chinese," who are descendants of migrants in the first half of the 20th century, between the anti-Manchu Xinhai Revolution in China and the Chinese Civil War. This group accounts for most of the "full-blooded" Chinese. The "Third Chinese" are the recent immigrants from mainland China, after the Chinese economic reform of the 1980s. Generally, the "Third Chinese" are the most entrepreneurial and have not totally lost their Chinese identity in its purest form and therefore are paradoxically misunderstood or feared by the "Second Chinese". Because the "Third Chinese" are recent arrivals from mainland China where Mao's Cultural Revolution suppressed traditional Chinese culture, the "Second Chinese" view them with disdain for their uncouth manners and ignorant ways of traditional Chinese culture which was kept alive by the "Second Chinese" for nearly four generations in the Philippines.[31] On the other hand, the "First Chinese" or Sangley had largely intermarried and assimilated into a Hispanized Catholic culture since the 17th century. After the end of Spanish rule, their descendants, the Chinese mestizos, managed to invent a cosmopolitan mestizo culture coupled with an extravagant Mestizo de Sangley lifestyle.[32]
As of the present day, due to the effects of globalization in the Philippines, there has been a marked tendency to acculturate to North American lifestyles. This is especially true for younger Chinese Filipinos living in wealthy suburbs like Greenhills, San Juan, Metro Manila[33] who are gradually shifting to English as their preferred language, thus identifying more with North American culture. Some Chinese mestizos tend also to reintegrate into Chinese societies by attending Chinese schools, learning to speak Chinese and adopting Chinese customs. Although at a slower pace than Thailand[34], assimilation is gradually taking place in the Philippines but integration without losing Chinese culture is advantageous for the Philippines and for the Chinese Filipino business community.
With the onset of globalization since the 1990s, increasing numbers of well-to-do Chinese Filipino families are acquiring North American passports and sending their children abroad to attend prestigious North America Universities.[35] Many are opting to remain after graduation to start professional careers in North America. Philippine-educated Chinese Filipinos from middle-class families are also migrating en masse to North America and Australasia. Those who have family businesses regularly commute between North America and the Philippines. In this way, they follow the well-known pattern of other Chinese immigrants to North America who lead "astronaut" lifestyles: family in North America, business in Asia.[36] Furthermore, many Chinese-Filipino entrepreneurs and professionals have flocked to their ancestral homeland to partake of business and employment opportunities opened up by China's emergence as a global economic superpower.[37] It is unclear how globalization would affect the integration options for Chinese Filipinos. If they remain in the Philippines, many would likely intermarry and assimilate into the indigenous population following the historical pattern of earlier generations of Chinese immigrants. If they migrate to North America or Australasia, they would be joining rapidly growing Asian communities in the multicultural cities of San Francisco[38], Silicon Valley[39], Los Angeles[40], Vancouver[41] , Toronto[42], Sydney[43], Melbourne[44], etc
List of Chinese-Filipinos with Fujian Chinese ancestry
José Rizal (Fujian Chinese-Spanish-Japanese-Tagalog) --- Filipino national hero, polymath, physician, novelist, nationalist, propagandist, martyr and considered to be the greatest Filipino surnamed Chua.
St. Lorenzo Ruiz (Fujian Chinese-Tagalog) --- first Filipino saint, said to be surnamed Li.
Emilio Aguinaldo (Fujian Chinese-Tagalog) ---Filipino general, politician, independence leader, first president of the Philippines, dictator of the Dictatorial Government, President of the Revolutionary Government, president of the nascent first Philippine Republic
Sergio Osmeña (Fujian Chinese-Cebuano-Spanish) --- third President of the Philippines.
Ferdinand Marcos (Fujian Chinese-Japanese-Ilocano) --- President from 1965 to 1986. In a speech before the Federation of Filipino-Chinese Chambers of Commerce and Industry, Inc. (FFCCCII) in 1966, he remarked: "I have Chinese blood in me...I am not ashamed to admit that perhaps the great leaders of our country all have Chinese blood."
Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino (Fujian Chinese-Kapampangan-Spanish-Tagalog) --- became President of the Philippines in 1986 and moral leader of the People Power uprising against the Marcos authoritarian regime; her ancestral roots are in Hong Chiam Village in Tung-An county near Xiamen City of Fujian province, China
Benigno "Noynoy" Aquino III (Fujian Chinese-Kapampangan-Spanish-Tagalog) --- politician, genuine opposition, son of President Aquino.
Kris Aquino (Fujian Chinese-Kapampangan-Spanish-Tagalog) --- popular TV talk show host and daughter of President Aquino
Edwin Lacierda (Fujian Chinese-Boholano) - Legal counsel and co-convenor of the civil society group, The Black and White Movement. A Constitutional Law Professor and a regular legal resource person for the major Philippine television networks dealing with current political and constitutional issues.
Lim Eng Beng (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Professional basketball player.
Tony Tan Caktiong (pure Fujian Chinese) --- fast food chain tycoon.
Jose Yao Campos (pure Fujian Chinese) --- founder of United Laboratories.
Jose Mari Chan (pure Fujian Chinese) --- singer and songwriter, son of Chinese immigrant sugar tycoon Antonio Chan from Fujian, China
Charlie Chao (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Feng Shui Expert.
Amy Chua (pure Fujian Chinese) --- John M. Duff, Jr. Professor of Law at Yale Law School. Author of World on Fire. Daughter of Leon O. Chua.
Francis "Ang Biao" Chua (pure Fujian Chinese) --- President of the Federation of Filipino-Chinese Chambers of Commerce and Industry, Inc. (FFCCCII)
Leon O. Chua (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Professor of Electrical Engineering at UC Berkeley. World-renowned pioneer in neural networks, chaos theory, and nonlinear circuits. Father of Amy Chua.
Simon L. Chua (pure Fujian Chinese) --- famous mathematics educator, founder and president of the Mathematics Trainers' Guild, Philippines, and the first Filipino awardee of the Paul Erdos Award which is considered by the mathematics world as the Nobel Prize of Mathematics.
Chua Cu (now Chuacuco) (pure Fujian Chinese) --- founder of Che Yong Cua Chua Family association.
Fortunano "Atoy" Co (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Professional basketball player, politician, former councillor of Pasig City.
Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco Jr. (Fujian Chinese-Kapampangan-American) --- tycoon and politician, boss of San Miguel Corporation and leader of Nationalist People's Coalition.
Mikee Cojuangco (Fujian Chinese-Spanish-Tagalog) --- former actress.
David Mendoza Consunji (Fujian Chinese-Spanish-Tagalog) --- civil engineer, construction company founder, former Secretary of Public Works.
Ramon A. Cukingnan Jr. (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Prominent Cardiothoracic Surgeon and Professor in UCLA.
Enchong Dee (Fujian Chinese-Bikolano) --- Actor, model and Philippine Swim team member.
Howard Q. Dee (pure Fujian Chinese) --- former Philippine Ambassador to the Vatican and Malta, government negotiator with Communist rebels, past President of top pharmaceuticals firm United Laboratories, head of various civic organizations and a great-grandnephew of 19th century lumber pioneer Dy Bo Lan.
Wilson Lee Flores (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Award-winning writer and journalist. Past President of Anvil Business Club.[45]
Engr. Roman Ting Go and Dr. Mildred Go (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Banaag Awardee (2000); Founder and proprietor of the Manila Xiamen International School in Fujian, China, the first Filipino-owned international school in China.[46]
John Gokongwei (pure Fujian Chinese) --- self-made tycoon, founder of JG Summit Holdings.
Andrew Gotianum (pure Fujian Chinese) --- real estate tycoon.
Alfredo Lim (Fujian Chinese-Tagalog) --- current Manila mayor and former senator of the Philippines.
Gen. Vicente Lim --- the first Filipino to graduate from West Point.
Imee Marcos (Fujian Chinese-Japanese-Ilocano-Waray-Spanish) --- Congresswoman of Ilocos Norte.
Bobby Ongpin (pure Fujian Chinese) --- former Trade and Industry Minister in martial law.
Román Ongpin (pure Fujian Chinese) --- patron of artists and revolutionaries against Spanish rule.
Robert Parungao (Chinese-Filipino Canadian) --- Founder of New Voices Project in Vancouver.[47]
General Jose Ignacio Paua (pure Fujian Chinese) --- pure-blooded Chinese general (from the village of Lao-Na) who supported the Katipuneros in the fight against the Spaniards and later joined Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo’s army in the short-lived war against the Americans.
Dominic Penalosa (Chinese-Filipino Canadian) --- Founder of worldfriends.tv.[48]
Teresita Ang See (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Civil and human rights activist.
Jaime Cardinal Sin (Fujian Chinese-Capiznon) --- powerful Philippine Catholic leader ember College of Cardinals.
Wesley So --- Chess prodigy.
Henry Sy (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Shopping mall tycoon.
Albino SyCip (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Known as the "Dean of Philippine Banking". A lawyer by profession, he earned his law degree from the University of Michigan School of Law in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He co-founded Chinabank and set up branches in Xiamen and Shanghai, China. Father of Washington and Alexander SyCip.
Alexander SyCip (Fujian Chinese) --- Founder of SyCip Salazar Hernandez & Gatmaitan, largest and leading law firm in the Philippines.
Washington SyCip (Fujian Chinese) --- Founder of SyCip Gorres & Verayo, one of the largest accounting firms in Asia; Chairman Emeritus, Asian Institute of Management.
Lucio Tan (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Billionaire and patron of Chinese language education.
Claudio Teehankee, Sr. (Fujian Chinese-Tagalog) --- Retired Chief Justice
George S. K. Ty (pure Fujian Chinese) --- banking tycoon. Management Association of the Philippines 2007 Man of the Year.[49]
Arthur Yap (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Secretary of Department of Agriculture.
Emilio Yap (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Manila Bulletin, Manila Hotel and Euro-Phil Laboratories owner.
Tan Yu --- real-estate tycoon and owner of Fuga island in Babuyan group of islands, Cagayan.
Alfonso Yuchengco (Fujian Chinese-Tagalog) --- insurance tycoon with roots in Nan'an, Fujian and founder of controversial Pacific Plans.
Enrique T. Yuchengco (Fujian Chinese-Tagalog) --- Insurance tycoon and father of controversial Pacific Plans, Inc. founder Alfonso Yuchengco.
Rodolfo Lozada Jr. (Fujian Chinese Mestizo) --- witness of the NBN-ZTE deal
Stanley Chi (pure Fujian Chinese) --- "Point of view" Stand up comedian, and Cartoonist for Manila Bulletin's comic strip "Chopsticks".
...though I see what u r saying...im seeing alot more pinoy-tsinoy intermarraige amongst the middle class
