Baron Roman Nickolai Maximilian von Ungern-Sternberg[1] (adopted Russian name: Роман Фёдорович Унгерн фон Штернберг, which transliterates as Roman Fyodorovich Ungern von Shternberg), also known as the Bloody Baron and the "Mad Baron" (January 22, 1886 NS – September 15, 1921) was a Baltic German-Russian Yesaul (captain), and self-proclaimed lieutenant-general who was dictator of Mongolia from March to August 1921. An independent and brutal warlord in pursuit of pan-monarchist goals in Mongolia and territories east of Lake Baikal during the Russian Civil War that followed the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, his goals included restoring the Russian monarchy under Michael Alexandrovich Romanov and the Mongolian Khanate under Bogd Khan, and his opponents were mainly Communists. He was known for persecution of Jews (he organized the only pogrom of Jews in Mongolian history).[2] Following his defeat by the Red Army, he was tried and executed for his counter-revolutionary involvement.