QUOTE (Rad Raz @ Dec 2 2004, 05:15 PM)
Let me see. How many nations that have been conquered by the Romans with their Legionaries?
Dacia, Thracia, Ptolmaic Empire (Egypt), Seleucid Empire, Carthage, Iberia, Gaul, Germania, Britania, Numidia, Pontus Kingdom, Armenia, Scythia, Parthia (Persia), Greece (including the mighty Sparta), Macedonia, some unknown tribes in all over the europe.
Until the time of Trajan, the wars with the Dacians and the neighboring tribes like the Germanic Marcomanni and steppe tribes like the Sarmatians were often inconclusive. The Seleucids actually got the hardest blows from the Parthians and were further divided into kingdoms in Syria and Bactria. The Bactrian kingdom was later overrun by Saka tribes, while the ever-decreasing Syrian kingdom was finally conquered by the Romans when it was in a state of civil war. Carthage was finally defeated with high costs to the Romans, and Roman legionnaires had great difficulty handling Hannibal's war elephants and cavalry, as can be seen in the 2nd Punic War, especially Rome's defeat at Cannae and where Hannibal crossed the Alps into Italy. It wasn't until the Romans used unorthodox tactics like setting pigs on fire or greatly widening their ranks, which were uncommon for legionnaires, that Hannibal's small force of elephants could be effectively handled and subsequently Hannibal defeated. Germania was never fully conquered; Publius Quinctilius Varus's legions were annihilated at the Teutoburg Forests by Germanic tribes. The Picts and Celts provided tough resistance against the legionnaires in Britain; Hadrian's Wall was built for a reason. Scythia was never conquered by the Romans; the Sarmatians finished off the last of the Scythians and dominated the Scythia though some Sarmatian tribes that had moved into Hungary were defeated by the Romans.
But what is most ridiculous is when you said Roman legionnaires conquered Parthia. This is indeed far from the truth. The Romans under Marcus Crassus suffered a crushing defeat at Carrhae 53 BC despite the fact that the Romans outnumbered the Parthians over 3 times; Roman legions totalling about 36,000 soldiers were annihilated by about 11,000 Parthians (if we include the camel train of about 1,000 that resupplied the Parthian horse archers with arrows). At the battle, the Roman legionnaires were completely useless against the Parthian horse archers, whose recurved composite bows released arrows that could penetrate through the Romans' chain mail armour and whose mobility the Romans could not match. Later Roman wars with the Parthians were indecisive not at all due to Roman strength but rather Parthian weakness, as Parthia was having its own civil wars. When later Trajan invaded Parthia, his army was reformed to include much more cavalry, especially the large numbers of Sarmatian and Moorish cavalrymen that were placed into his army, instead of relying on the traditional Roman warfare that centered on the heavy infantry-based legionnaires, who were practically useless against Parthian cavalry. Yet all he gained was Mesopotamia and he was stopped at Hatra, with the result that Parthia was never conquered by the Romans.
The legionnaires were mostly useful against the undisciplined hordes of infantry that were the armies of the Gauls, Iberians, Celts, Germanics, and most of the peoples of continental western Europe. The checkerboard formation of the legionnaires allowed greater mobility which allowed them to defeat the tightly-packed phalanxes of the Greeks and Macedonians. But Roman legionnaires were not prepared to fight against strong cavalry, especially against highly mobile horse archers like those of the Parthians and the Huns that would invade Europe centuries later.
QUOTE (Rad Raz @ Dec 2 2004, 05:15 PM)
Romans literally owned parts of three continents helped mostly by the Legions. Even Alexander couldn't achieve what the Romans achieved with their military.
No they did not. It is ridiculous and far from the truth to say that Rome's conquests were achieved mostly by the legionnaires. Rome's victories were not achieved by their legionnaires alone, which had its faults, but more due to the overall generalship of their commanders. Saying all the above nations that you had previously listed were conquered by Rome's legionnaires is as ridiculous as saying that the Japanese could conquer all with their samurai.