Ok, let me put this out first. I'm not here to make a judgement on whether Angkor was built by the Khmer or the Siamese. I'm here to understand the nature of what happened. Remember that history is too complex to be interpreted in one way, and if you do, you're carrying out an agenda. In a way, all history writers have agendas since they all impose a single view on what happened. What I try to do is to understand things without judging it.
So back to the topic. Let me go point by point.
1. Some members suggested that Chenla and Syam were the same.
http://www.asiafinest.com/forum/index.php?...t=0&start=0
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Chenla = Syam La
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1. The area that is Chenla territory was Syam country. Chenla is Syambhupura.
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Chenla was Syam country. Khmers were taken and put into Syam land
Chenla = Syam La
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1. The area that is Chenla territory was Syam country. Chenla is Syambhupura.
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Chenla was Syam country. Khmers were taken and put into Syam land
I'm not sure how one could solidly connect Chenla to Syam and say they were the same thing. What I saw so far are merely superficial similarities between the romanization of the words Syam La, Chen La and Sambhupura.
Syam La and Chen La may be a little similar if you "look" (not listen) at the words in roman letters but they're not really the same.
Syam La is Xiêm La in Vietnamese
Chen La is Chân Lạp in Vietnamese
(Note that both Mandarin e and Vietnamese â are pronounced like "io" in nation. Not like e in dedicate or a in father).
Modern mandarin lost all -p endings, so similarities the two "La" are merely coincidence. One is supposed to be La and the other is supposed to be Lạp.
But if this is not enough to prove that Syam La and Chen La were two different countries (and SabaiSabai asked me when Vietnamese started calling Thailand "Xiêm La") let me show you the quote from the Annals of Đại Việt (Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư 大越史記全書)
Book IV (page 238 in the complete annals), Reign of King Lý Anh Tông
QUOTE
"Year of Kỷ Tị [1149]. Spring. February [Second month of Lunar calendar in this sense],
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Commerce ships of three countries Trảo Oa, Lộ Lạc, Xiêm La entered Hải Đông, asked for permission to stay and conduct trading activities..."
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Commerce ships of three countries Trảo Oa, Lộ Lạc, Xiêm La entered Hải Đông, asked for permission to stay and conduct trading activities..."
Trảo Oa above is Java
Lộ Lạc (also called Lộ Hạc, La Hồi) was supposedly a country in Northern Thailand nowadays. Judging from the name, it could be Lawa or Lavo that you've been talking about. Just my speculation.
Xiêm La was also in the proximity of Thailand and that was how Vietnamese referred to Thailand until the 20th century. Even in modern Vietnamese language today, there are still remnants of this. For example, there's breed of chicken from Thailand originally and it's called "gà xiêm". There are also vịt xiêm (Xiem duck), hồng xiêm (Xiêm Persimmon, known in English as Sapodilla), dừa xiêm (Xiêm coconut). These names remind people that their origin was in Siam before being imported to and cultivated in Vietnam.
Vietnamese annals also wrote that Xiêm La was originally two states "Xiêm" (Siam) and "Lộ Hạc/La Hồi" (Lavo?). Later Lộ Hạc grow strong and absord Xiêm and became "Xiêm La". So Xiêm La mentioned here during the Lý dynasty (1009-1225) here was just "Siam" (the word La was added in by historians in later edits after it was merged with Lavo)
Now let's continue with the excerpts of Annals of Đại Việt (Book IV)
QUOTE
Year Canh Ngọ [1150]
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September, Chân Lạp [Chenla] army plundered Nghệ An
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Year Ất Hợi [1155]
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November, Chiêm Thành [Champa] came pay tributes
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Year Kỹ Mão [1159]
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Summer, May [5th month of lunar calendar], Ngưu Hồng and Ai Lao rebelled. [The king] ordered Tô Hiến Thành bring an army to pacify. Captured many people, horses, elephants, pearls and precious valuables. [The king] appointed Tô Hiến Thành as Lieutenant
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Year Giáp Thân [1164]
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March, Chiêm Tành [Champa] came pay tributes
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Year Bính Tuất [1166]
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March, a Chiêm Thành envoy stopped by Ô Lý and plundered people...
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Year Đinh Hợi [1167]
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July, [the king] ordered Lieutenant Tô Hiến Thành bring an army to fight Chiêm Thành
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October, Chiêm Thành sent an envoy to Đại Việt, offering pearls and valuables to make peace.
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Year Đinh Dậu [1177]
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March, Chiêm Thành plundered Nghệ An
Year Nhân Dần [1182]
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Xiêm La country paid tributes
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Year Quý Mão [1183]
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January, Appointed Ngô Lý Tướng as army general to fight Ai Lao.
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Year Giáp Thìn [1184]
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March, Chiêm Thành came pay tributes
Merchants from Xiêm La and Tam Phật Tề [Palembang] entered Vân Đồn port and offered precious valuables to ask for permission to stay and do tradings.
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September, Chân Lạp [Chenla] army plundered Nghệ An
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Year Ất Hợi [1155]
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November, Chiêm Thành [Champa] came pay tributes
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Year Kỹ Mão [1159]
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Summer, May [5th month of lunar calendar], Ngưu Hồng and Ai Lao rebelled. [The king] ordered Tô Hiến Thành bring an army to pacify. Captured many people, horses, elephants, pearls and precious valuables. [The king] appointed Tô Hiến Thành as Lieutenant
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Year Giáp Thân [1164]
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March, Chiêm Tành [Champa] came pay tributes
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Year Bính Tuất [1166]
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March, a Chiêm Thành envoy stopped by Ô Lý and plundered people...
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Year Đinh Hợi [1167]
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July, [the king] ordered Lieutenant Tô Hiến Thành bring an army to fight Chiêm Thành
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October, Chiêm Thành sent an envoy to Đại Việt, offering pearls and valuables to make peace.
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Year Đinh Dậu [1177]
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March, Chiêm Thành plundered Nghệ An
Year Nhân Dần [1182]
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Xiêm La country paid tributes
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Year Quý Mão [1183]
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January, Appointed Ngô Lý Tướng as army general to fight Ai Lao.
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Year Giáp Thìn [1184]
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March, Chiêm Thành came pay tributes
Merchants from Xiêm La and Tam Phật Tề [Palembang] entered Vân Đồn port and offered precious valuables to ask for permission to stay and do tradings.
^^ It's obvious that Xiêm La (Syam La), Chân Lạp (Chenla), Chiêm Thành (Champa) and Ai Lao were all different countries, and they most likely all existed at about the same time. That's why you could see all their names mentioned in Đại Việt's foreign relation within less than 50 years.
If you want the characters, I can give you
Xiêm La (Syam La) is 暹羅
Chân Lạp (Chen La) is 真臘
Chiêm Thành (Champa) is 占城
So you can't say Syam La and Chen la are two different names for the same state
The line of kings connected to Chenla goes beyond 1050AD. The chinese always called the area Chenla (they never used Angkor)The Chams call it Syam. The Chinese call it Chenla. People in that time and of that region were named after the kingdom they come from (ie Raman of Ramanadesa. Kvir of Virapura) it may just be Syam of Syambhupura (Chenla) remember, Chenla had existed as far back as Funan times (as a vassal), but only gained much power during the 6th century.
2. Some people argue that the king who "built" Angkor Wat, Suriyavarman II, was from Southern Thailand, so Angkor Wat is Thai/Siam
Ask you self or go google who built Nakorn Wat (the French call Angkor Wat)?
Answer: Suriyavarman II
Now go google where Suriyavarman II was from?
Answer: Lopburi, Thailand.
Ask you self or go google who built Pra Viharn (Khmers call Preah Vihear)?
Answer: Suriyavarman I
Answer: Suriyavarman II
Now go google where Suriyavarman II was from?
Answer: Lopburi, Thailand.
Ask you self or go google who built Pra Viharn (Khmers call Preah Vihear)?
Answer: Suriyavarman I
Two things to address here:
I. It's invalid to use modern political boundaries to make a judgement on ethnicity of a person in the ancient time. Borders are not fixed and ethnicity of inhabitants change over time. I don't think I need to mention that Cambodia used to be much bigger than it is today before being invaded by the Thai and Vietnamese. While you can't argue whether Suriyavarmant II was Khmer, you can't prove that he was Thai or Siamese ethnically either.
II. It's common for people to say Suriyavarman II "built" Angkor Wat but that statement isn't very accurate. It's more accurate to say "Angkor Wat was built under the reign of Suriyavarman II" or "Suriyavarman II ordered the construction of Angkor Wat". Did Suriyavarman II literally built the temple himself? I hope none of you thinks so. I also doubt whether he designed it. In other words, the king ordered the construction, the architects designed it, the mandarins planned out transportation of materials and stuff, the workers do the physical work in building it. In other words, Angkor Wat was a product of cooperated works of a society, a community, it's not the work of any single person. Hence it's absurd to say whether Angkor Wat is Khmer or Thai/Siamese based on the ethnicity of one person.
3."There was no such thing as Khmer Empire until the French came to Indochina and took Vietnam, then Cambodia then Laos."
Perhaps the terminology of "Khmer Empire" didn't exist. But it's very likely that there existed a Khmer-based "state" that covered much of mainland Southeast Asia. I'm talking about Chenla of course.
From the quotes above you could tell that Chenla was able to "plunder" Nghệ An of Đại Việt, not just once but several times. There were also times when Chenla and Champa allied with each other to attack Đại Việt. This tells you that Chenla stretched much further North than the current boundary of Cambodia. If not they wouldn't be able to attack Đai Việt and Champa wouldn't be interested in allying with them.
This is Nghệ An for your reference to see how far north it is

So some thing like this map may make sense






















