**How is your economy going on???**
RockHeart.
Full Version: Hmong Economy!
I am just wonder if you all Hmong can inform us about a brief history of Hmong Economy...So?
**How is your economy going on???**
RockHeart.
**How is your economy going on???**
RockHeart.
Umm, there is no such thing as a "Hmong economy". The Hmong don't have a land of their own, remember?
I don't know if this may be what you're looking for:
http://www.humboldt.edu/~jrp2/Documents/econpapr.html
I don't know if this may be what you're looking for:
http://www.humboldt.edu/~jrp2/Documents/econpapr.html
| QUOTE |
| The Hmong economy relies on three main crops. These crops are rice, maize, and opium. Before maize was introduced from China in the sixteenth century, rice was the main staple. When maize was introduced, the population increased. However, we don't know if there was a causal relationship, or whether or not which may have caused which. The Hmong have always used rice as their principal subsistence item. When maize was introduced, it provided an alternative when rice production was low. As one may see, maize was a "standby" crop. Maize was also used to feed pigs-the significant source of protein for the Hmong. Maize also helped opium production, by reducing the amount of weeds as well as protecting the young opium plants from harsh rain conditions. The cultivation and use of opium, in southeast Asia, has occurred on a small scale, for a very long time. "The opium growing highlanders of northern Southeast Asia sometimes state that they have known opium from time immemorial and they even tell origin myths to illustrate this point" (Dessaint and Ngwama 1994).In the eighteenth century, the British trade of opium was flourishing. This trade influenced the use of opium in China. The consumption of opium became addicting to many Chinese, in many "walks of life." The Manchu government responded by making it illegal to import, cultivate or use opium. The British had bigger guns, so British trade continued. The Manchu government thus lost the opium war, and responded by growing and selling opium themselves. At some point, the pendulum swung back, and opium was again illegal. For example, opium was declared illegal in Thailand in 1958 (Dessaint 1992). The present population in Northern Thailand can be traced back over one hundred years. At this time, the Chinese population was increasing and the Chinese reached out to the outlying areas for resources to support their empire. The Chinese found the Hmong in their way. The Hmong responded by moving south to the mountains of Northern Thailand. At the same time, the Karen moved in from the west. These Hmong brought with them the knowledge and skills necessary for growing opium. These Hmong cultivated opium on a small scale to support the small number of addicts (Bernatzik 1947:517-22). Opium is now produced, on a larger scale, in the mountains. The location is beneficial because of its isolation. The isolation keeps the government from interfering with the opium production (Dessaint 1992). One may observe several ways in which producing opium was facilitated by the Hmong. First of all, opium can be planted in the same fields as maize. When comparing the amount of time a unit of land can be used, one notices a vast difference. Opium and maize can be grown for ten years or more. Rice can only be grown for 1-2 years. Another benefit is that opium harvest times fall at a different time that those of maize and rice. Opium is "easily portable, readily convertible to cash, and grows best at high altitudes in a monsoon climate," according to Cooper (ibid. 1984). These factors all made opium an ideal cash crop. One may also look at some external factors influencing opium production. The increase in opium production has resulted from an increased demand for this from the market in the United States and other industrial western countries (Dessaint 1992). As a result of this, the highlanders have had to reduce the amount of subsistence crops they produce. This requires them to rely more on the opium crop. As a result, the Hmong become more and more dependent on their cash crop and its associated market (Cooper 1984). This market stems from the outside of the Hmong community, so the Hmong have very little control over this market. So, in one sense, it is not risky because there is an established market. On the other hand it is risky, because the price of opium fluctuates out of control to the Hmong. III. SOCIAL STRUCTURE "Traditional" (which means whatever was happening previous to this point, not what is "supposed to be" or what is thought to have occurred forever) social relations in Hmong subsistence society were characterized by direct cooperation between related kin. Some characteristics of these relationships involve redistribution and "indirect reciprocity" (Cooper 1984). When the Hmong were changing to an opium dominated economy, their social relation took on change as well. The addition of a cash crop allowed the accumulation of surplus. This surplus could then be consumed, redistributed or reinvested. The introduction of a cash flow allowed the introduction of paid labor. The Karen and Khonmuang "landless" population readily filled this need. This additional labor allowed households (those fortunate enough to have the necessary resources) to increase total output. Those households that had unfavorable land were unable to make this change and had to continue to perform swidden agriculture or to opt for being a "proletariat." Once two new forms of social relations (indirect paid labor existing between spouse and spouse and direct paid laborbetween Hmong employer and non-Hmong employee) were introduced, the transition to a new economy was facilitated. |
Dumbass.
| QUOTE (IYIiDWeSt_T.S.I3 @ May 1 2004, 02:10 PM) |
| Dumbass. |
Hey, don't be like that.
? why? this dude keeping on spamming the hmong section with alot of bull$hit and stupid topics.
^^who cares. it ain't like you own this $hit! i wouldn't even call that spamming either. dumb a s s
shut the fu-k up, you know he is wrong but still help him because he is khmer...prick @$$.
would you like me to spam the khmer section with $hitload of stupid topics...fu-k out already prick.
would you like me to spam the khmer section with $hitload of stupid topics...fu-k out already prick.
What the hell is this... Hmong economy? That's B.S. there is no such economy. Damn...
^^calm down a-hole. 
. go ahead spam the khmer section . i don't give a fluke. 
. go ahead spam the khmer section . i don't give a fluke.
Thats what i am saying, rockheart need to fu-ken read before posting new topics...either that or he is trying to start $hit with us hmong people.
No thx bitch.
No thx bitch.
why the hell would he start something with hmong people? if you've been reading his posts lately, he only direct his hatred in viet section. the viet govt. to be specific. he never said anything bad about hmong so why talk $hit? chill out homie.
Well he is dumb alright, just read some of the hmong topics..
oh wait read all of his topics and replys in forum.
no wonder he is hatred in the viet section
fosho hommmmi
oh wait read all of his topics and replys in forum.
no wonder he is hatred in the viet section
fosho hommmmi
| QUOTE (IYIiDWeSt_T.S.I3 @ May 1 2004, 11:33 PM) |
| Well he is dumb alright, just read some of the hmong topics.. oh wait read all of his topics and replys in forum. no wonder he is hatred in the viet section fosho hommmmi |
Just give him a break, ok. He hasn't had a proper schooling or a normal life, or even parental care. If you have nothing constructive to say, don't say anything.
| QUOTE (Vajyilan @ May 1 2004, 11:08 PM) |
| What the hell is this... Hmong economy? That's B.S. there is no such economy. Damn... |
Well, there was at some point. Read my first post in this thread.
Perhaps not a national economy,but the Hmong did have some sort of an economic system.
Yea right.
QUOTE(IYIiDWeSt_T.S.I3 @ May 1 2004, 09:36 PM) 
shut the fu-k up, you know he is wrong but still help him because he is khmer...prick @$$.
would you like me to spam the khmer section with $hitload of stupid topics...fu-k out already prick.
would you like me to spam the khmer section with $hitload of stupid topics...fu-k out already prick.
I agree with you man. im khmer and i have been noticing this guy be posting alot of senesless topics in hmong forums as well as others. he needs to be on point when creating topics. but then again I wonder if he was born a retard.
Well besides the spam in this section I think the informal economy which Hmong people participate in is very interesting.
Flea markets, shaman payments, dowries etc. are all forms of the informal economy. Also interesting is how the informal and formal economy are blurred. For example, a Hmong store that sells jewelery in the store with credit card transactions must report their income while selling it with cash they do not have to report their income.
In the informal economy there is also flexibility for bartering and negotiation. You can't walk into Express and demand to buy their jeans for 10 dollars :P
Also, the informal economy also allows a larger variety of Hmong to participate. For example, elderly people can make their crafts and sell them in the informal economy of Hmong concentrated markets.
Although the informal economy seems to be small it is actually an international venture. Where do you think they get all those medicine? Not to mention the handicrafts made by Hmong women abroad.
All very interesting.
Flea markets, shaman payments, dowries etc. are all forms of the informal economy. Also interesting is how the informal and formal economy are blurred. For example, a Hmong store that sells jewelery in the store with credit card transactions must report their income while selling it with cash they do not have to report their income.
In the informal economy there is also flexibility for bartering and negotiation. You can't walk into Express and demand to buy their jeans for 10 dollars :P
Also, the informal economy also allows a larger variety of Hmong to participate. For example, elderly people can make their crafts and sell them in the informal economy of Hmong concentrated markets.
Although the informal economy seems to be small it is actually an international venture. Where do you think they get all those medicine? Not to mention the handicrafts made by Hmong women abroad.
All very interesting.
QUOTE(RockHeart @ May 1 2004, 05:29 AM)
I am just wonder if you all Hmong can inform us about a brief history of Hmong Economy...So?
**How is your economy going on???**
RockHeart.
:genius:
**How is your economy going on???**
RockHeart.
:genius:
who actually posted for u...they went off in an argument understandable but off...
anyways the hmong econ is building like always...they have their little minimarts sprouting...car shops...own businesses...restaurants,,,and now there's ppl like a cousin in law of mine...WHO IS REALLY STARTING SOMETHING HMONG..he opened a funeral home specifically for the Mien Hmong's funerals....so we can do our traditional stuff there in SACRAMENTO.
hmong economy? i'd almost thought he meant the SSI or welfare department. lol j/k j/k
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